Cutaneous, superficial,[1] or skin reflexes, are activated by skin receptors and play a valuable role in locomotion, providing quick responses to unexpected environmental challenges. They have been shown to be important in responses to obstacles or stumbling, in preparing for visually challenging terrain, and for assistance in making adjustments when instability is introduced. In addition to the role in normal locomotion, cutaneous reflexes are being studied for their potential in enhancing rehabilitation therapy (physiotherapy) for people with gait abnormalities.
Quick responses to obstacles
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Cutaneous, superficial, or skin reflexes, are activated by skin receptors and play a valuable role inlocomotion, providing quick responses to unexpected...
interneurons. For example, during locomotion, the interneuronal activity is modulated via excitation or inhibition depending on the reflex pathways. Thus, different...
maintaining posture and balance, especially during locomotion. For example, consider the stretch reflex, in which stretch across a muscle is detected by a...
Locomotor effects of shoes are the way in which the physical characteristics or components of shoes influence the locomotion neuromechanics of a person. Depending...
behind them as they swim. The siphon is used both for respiration and for locomotion, by expelling a jet of water. Octopuses have a complex nervous system...
contribute to locomotioninhumans. In 1994, Calancie, et al. described the "first well-defined example of a central rhythm generator for stepping in the adult...
breathing. Exposure to cold water can result in the harmful cold shock response, the helpful diving reflex and excessive loss of body heat. Breath-hold...
causes the writhing movements observed when a human picks up an earthworm. This behaviour is a reflex and does not require the CNS; it occurs even if...
required. This is the ability to detect noxious stimuli which evokes a reflex response that moves the entire animal, or the affected part of its body...
appropriate nerve fibres. A typical humancutaneous nerve contains 83% Group C nerve fibres, however, the same nerves inhumans with congenital insensitivity...
Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. ISBN 978-0-7360-6367-8. OCLC 175174377. Perry SD, McIlroy WE, Maki BE (September 2000). "The role of plantar cutaneous mechanoreceptors...
psychogalvanic reflex, had been only a dream—to establish a laboratory in his native land. Later, in 1937, Beritashvili published a comprehensive handbook in Moscow...
environment. The zoospores use flagella for locomotion through water systems until they reach a new host and enter cutaneously. The B. dendrobatidis' lifecycle continues...
Strand. pp. 51–69. In four volumes. Operative surgery; diseases of the organs of Special sense, respiration, circulation, locomotion and innervation Cartwright...
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