Cream-coloured, refined earthenware with a lead glaze over a pale body
For the synthesizer company, see Creamware (company).
Josiah Wedgwood: Tea and coffee service, c. 1775. Transfer-printed in purple enamel by Guy Green of Liverpool. Victoria & Albert Museum, London
Creamware is a cream-coloured refined earthenware with a lead glaze over a pale body, known in France as faïence fine,[1] in the Netherlands as Engels porselein, and in Italy as terraglia inglese.[2] It was created about 1750 by the potters of Staffordshire, England, who refined the materials and techniques of salt-glazed earthenware towards a finer, thinner, whiter body with a brilliant glassy lead glaze, which proved so ideal for domestic ware that it supplanted white salt-glaze wares by about 1780. It was popular until the 1840s.[3]
Variations of creamware were known as "tortoiseshell ware" or "Whieldon ware" were developed by the master potter Thomas Whieldon with coloured stains under the glaze.[2] It served as an inexpensive substitute for the soft-paste porcelains being developed by contemporary English manufactories, initially in competition with Chinese export porcelains. It was often made in the same fashionable and refined styles as porcelain.
English loving-cup, 1774
The most notable producer of creamware was Josiah Wedgwood, who perfected the ware, beginning during his partnership with Thomas Whieldon. Wedgwood supplied his creamware to Queen Charlotte and Catherine the Great (in the famous Frog Service) and used the trade name Queen's ware.[2] Later, around 1779, he was able to lighten the cream colour to a bluish white by using cobalt in the lead overglaze. Wedgwood sold this more desirable product under the name pearl ware.[2] The Leeds Pottery (producing "Leedsware") was another very successful producer.[2]
Wedgwood ice-bucket (glacier) in three parts, 1770–1775, Queen's ware
Wedgwood and his English competitors sold creamware throughout Europe, sparking local industries, that largely replaced tin-glazed faience.[4] and to the United States.[5] One contemporary writer and friend of Wedgwood claimed it was ubiquitous.[6] This led to local industries developing throughout Europe to meet demand.[7] There was also a strong export market to the United States.[8] The success of creamware had killed the demand for tin-glazed earthenware and pewter vessels alike and the spread of cheap, good-quality, mass-produced creamware to Europe had a similar impact on Continental tin-glazed faience factories.[9] By the 1780s Josiah Wedgwood was exporting as much as 80% of his output to Europe.[10]
^Tamara Préaud, curator. 1997.The Sėvres Porcelain Manufactory: Alexandre Brongniart and the Triumph of Art and Industry (Bard Graduate Center, New York), Glossary, s.v. "Creamware: "In France it was known as faïence fine.
^ abcdeOsborne, 140
^The standard monograph is Donald C. Towner, Creamware (Faber & Faber) 1978
^Jana Kybalova, European Creamware. 1989/
^Osborne, 140; Creamware for the American market is the subject of Patricia A. Halfpenny, Robert S. Teitelman and Ronald Fuchs, Success to America: Creamware for the American Market 2010.
^Simeon Shaw, The Chemistry of the several natural and artificial heterogeneous compounds used in manufacturing porcelain, glass, and pottery, etc.. London: for the author (1837), p. 465
^Patricia A Halfpenny, Robert S Teitelman and Ronald Fuchs, Success to America: Creamware for the American Market. Woodbridge: Antiquw Collectors Club (2010) ISBN 978 1851496310
^Jana Kybalova, European Creamware. London: Hamlyn (1989)
^Robin Hildyard, English Pottery 1620 – 1840, London: Victoria & Albert Museum (2005) p. 93
Creamware is a cream-coloured refined earthenware with a lead glaze over a pale body, known in France as faïence fine, in the Netherlands as Engels porselein...
the first half of the eighteenth century with the introduction of cheap creamware. Dutch potters in northern (and Protestant) Germany established German...
fine wares such as Wedgwood's creamware, that competed with porcelain with considerable success, as his huge creamware Frog Service for Catherine the...
of society. Every new invention that Wedgwood produced – green glaze, creamware, black basalt, and jasperware – was quickly copied. Having once achieved...
18th century, however, it was table china in the refined earthenware creamware that represented most of the sales and profits. In the later 19th century...
The Noah has been designed by German company Creamware. It was produced from 2003 to 2006, until Creamware went bankrupt. The Noah was built around Analog...
the host CPU, as with Symbolic Sound Corporation's Kyma System, and the Creamware/Sonic Core Pulsar/SCOPE systems, which power an entire recording studio's...
1940s, and later became a part of Royal Doulton in 1972. Transfer-printed creamware plate, c 1814–30, John and William Ridgway Porcelain dish, hand-painted...
problems and was mainly engaged in improving the lead glazes for creamware. Creamware at that time had already achieved an acceptable white body but no...
the top end of the market, and English and local glazed earthenware (creamware and the Italian version called terraglia) in the middle and lower parts...
creating gene libraries Scope (synthesizer), a DSP-based synthesizer by Creamware Endoscope, an optical instrument (borescope) used to perform medical visual...
1756 in Hunslet, just south of Leeds, England. It is best known for its creamware, which is often called Leedsware; it was the "most important rival" in...
century was based on soft-paste porcelain, and refined earthenwares such as creamware, which could compete with porcelain, and had devastated the faience industries...
of digital audio systems, that in 2007 took over some of the assets of Creamware, and continues to support, manufacture and develop the Scope DSP hardware...
of European porcelain and cheaper fine earthenwares like faience and creamware, as well as the resumption of large imports of Chinese export porcelain...
powder to the local reddish clay he could create a more palatable white or Creamware. The flint was sourced from either the South Coast of England or France...
of British ceramics and painter. He is noted for his championship of creamware and his ground-breaking studies of this ceramic type in particular. Donald...
pottery at Indeo House. Indeo Pottery were well known for their Saltglaze, Creamware and Pearlware Tea Canisters inscribed with owners names, but within 2...
painting includes painted decoration on lead-glazed earthenware such as creamware or tin-glazed pottery such as maiolica or faience. Typically the body...
Between 1997 and 2004, the telescope was owned by the digital audio company Creamware and used for inspirational purposes and as a location for their musical...
parish of Stoke upon Trent. Greatbatch is best known as a producer of creamware, and finished wares were either finished with transparent glaze or were...
high-quality earthenwares that English potters had been developing, such as creamware and pearlware. By the end of the 18th century, a variant technique giving...
Lisbon factories started to use another type of transfer-printing: using creamware blanks. While these industrialized methods produced simple, stylized designs...
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