Phrase by Du Mu (杜牧), used during the Cultural Revolution to demonize perceived enemies
Cow demons and snake spirits (牛鬼蛇神; niugui sheshen), also rendered in English as ox-demons and snake-spirits[1]: 219 is a Chinese term used during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) to demonize perceived enemies. Tang dynasty poet Du Mu (803–852) coined the term in the preface of a poetry collection by Li He (791–817) to praise the fantastical elements in Li's poetry.
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Cowdemonsandsnakespirits (牛鬼蛇神; niugui sheshen), also rendered in English as ox-demonsandsnake-spirits: 219 is a Chinese term used during the Cultural...
and many customs weakened. The revolution aimed to eliminate "cowdemonsandsnakespirits", that is, the class enemies who promoted bourgeois ideas, as...
Away All CowDemonsandSnakeSpirits", where the Old Things were described as anti-proletarian, "fostered by the exploiting classes, [and to] have poisoned...
consciousness and associated behaviors which are purportedly caused by the control of a human body and its functions by spirits, ghosts, demons, angels, or...
the Monsters andDemons campaign that ran from 1966 to 1967. The campaign's name refers to metaphors such as "cowdemonsandsnakespirits" that were used...
Xidan Street, Xicheng District of Beijing, to protest about the political and social issues of China; the wall became known as the Democracy Wall (Chinese:...
nationwide", and that it will be a year where "proletariats team up with a small party faction of capitalist roaders andcowdemonsandsnakespirits to attack...
list of Akuma (demons), Yūrei (ghosts), Yōkai (spirits), Kami and other legendary creatures that are notable in Japanese folklore and mythology. Contents...
"counterrevolutionary academic authorities", and "cowdemonsandsnakespirits", took over the Tsinghua party committee, and criticized rebellious students. Radical...
the Docks (Chinese: 海港; pinyin: hǎi gǎng) is a Chinese revolutionary opera and one of the eight model plays available during the Cultural Revolution. it...
gods, and essentially spirits of the air. A female Vidyadhara is known as a Vidyadhari. The Vinayakas were a group of four troublesome demons who created...
opera and one of the eight "model plays" permitted during the Cultural Revolution. Set during the Korean War, it depicts a victory of the Chinese and North...
prayer to the spirits of the clouds, the thunder and the lightning, that the rain may fall on the growing crops." To the Hopi, snakes symbolized the...
various beings or have evil spirits serve them. Thus the demons could variously be thought to be independent spirits or spirits of sorcerers flying around...
Feldgeister ('field spirits'; singular: Feldgeist) or Korndämonen ('corn demons'; singular: Korndämon) are corn spirits in German folklore. Feldgeister...
were categorized as 'capitalist-roaders' (走資派), 'rightists' and 'Cowdemonsandsnakespirits' (牛鬼蛇神) who were obstructing the goal of the revolution in...
discovered by archaeologists. Known combinations include horse-cows, sheep-cows, and a six-legged sheep. The skeletons were formed by ancient peoples...
disruptive demonsand harbingers of war. Their image gradually softened, however, into one of protective, if still dangerous, spirits of the mountains and forests...
relating to characters who have no divine status, demonsandspirits, as opposed to higher gods and the official cult. This opposition is particularly...
and his companions such as Sun Wukong encounter ghosts, monsters, anddemons, as well as the Flaming Mountains; and, Baishe Zhuan (Madame White Snake)...
invokes a number of animal spirits to help him. The spirits arrive and enter his body. The shaman is not possessed by these spirits; he is free to expel them...
Occasionally, Nehebkau is represented with the features of other snakedemons: such as multiple heads and wings. Although there was no specific priesthood associated...
heads. Besides deities, demons (asura and rakshasa) may be depicted with multiple heads. The demon-king Ravana is depicted and described as having ten...
Zahāk (pronounced [zæhɒːk]) (Persian: ضحّاک), also known as Zahhak the Snake Shoulder (Persian: ضحاک ماردوش, romanized: Zahhāk-e Mārdoush), is an evil...
intended for demons to not rely on human hosts, but rather exist "halfway between spiritsand corporeal creatures." However, the demon in "Phantom Traveler"...