A countercurrent mechanism system is a mechanism that expends energy to create a concentration gradient.
It is found widely in nature and especially in mammalian organs. For example, it can refer to the process that is underlying the process of urine concentration, that is, the production of hyperosmotic urine by the mammalian kidney. The ability to concentrate urine is also present in birds.[1]
Countercurrent multiplication is frequently mistaken for countercurrent exchange, a similar but different mechanism where gradients are maintained, but not established.
^Braun, Eldon (April 1998), "Comparative renal function in reptiles, birds, and mammals", Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine, 7 (2): 62–71, doi:10.1016/S1055-937X(98)80044-3
and 11 Related for: Countercurrent multiplication information
concentrate urine is also present in birds. Countercurrentmultiplication is frequently mistaken for countercurrent exchange, a similar but different mechanism...
towards the loop. Countercurrentmultiplication has been found in the kidneys as well as in many other biological organs. Countercurrent exchange and cocurrent...
fraction from nearer the axis of rotation. Inducing a countercurrent flow uses countercurrentmultiplication to enhance the separative effect. A vertical circulating...
absorption across the ascending loop of Henle. This adds to the countercurrentmultiplication which aids in proper water reabsorption later in the distal...
which the wastes were extracted is dependent on an elaborate countercurrentmultiplication mechanism. This requires several independent nephron characteristics...
diffuses back to the arteries supplying the gas gland via a countercurrentmultiplication loop. Thus a very high gas pressure of oxygen can be obtained...
an inability to concentrate solutes in the kidney medulla by countercurrentmultiplication. Aquaporins play a key role in acquired forms of nephrogenic...
is hyperosmotic to the blood, but the loop of Henle utilises countercurrentmultiplication which allows it to become hyperosmotic in the collecting duct...
Jr. in 1972. Kokko, Juha P.; Rector Jr., Floyd C. (1972). "Countercurrentmultiplication system without active transport in inner medulla". Kidney International...
the species appear to be more closely related than they actually are. countercurrent exchange The crossover of some property, usually heat or some component...
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