"Golden mountain", "cold, snowy" or "cut off at the top"
Geography
Coropuna
Parent range
Cordillera Occidental, Peruvian Andes
Geology
Age of rock
Early Pliocene – Holocene
c. 5 Ma – 1 ka
Mountain type
Stratovolcano complex
Type of rock
Geology
Volcanic arc
Central Volcanic Zone
Last eruption
1,100 ± 100 or 700 ± 200 years ago
Climbing
First ascent
possibly prehistoric
Coropuna is a dormant compound volcano located in the Andes mountains of southeast-central Peru. The upper reaches of Coropuna consist of several perennially snowbound conical summits, lending it the name Nevado Coropuna in Spanish. The complex extends over an area of 240 square kilometres (93 sq mi) and its highest summit reaches an altitude of 6,377 metres (20,922 ft) above sea level. This makes the Coropuna complex the third-highest of Peru. Its thick ice cap is the most extensive in Earth's tropical zone, with several outlet glaciers stretching out to lower altitudes. Below an elevation of 5,000 metres (16,000 ft), there are various vegetation belts which include trees, peat bogs, grasses and also agricultural areas and pastures.
The Coropuna complex consists of several stratovolcanoes. These are composed chiefly of ignimbrites[a] and lava flows on a basement formed by Middle Miocene ignimbrites and lava flows. The Coropuna complex has been active for at least five million years, with the bulk of the current cone having been formed during the Quaternary.[b] Coropuna has had two or three Holocene eruptions 2,100 ± 200 and either 1,100 ± 100 or 700 ± 200 years ago which generated lava flows, plus an additional eruption which may have taken place some 6,000 years ago. Current activity occurs exclusively in the form of hot springs.
Coropuna is located 150 kilometres (93 mi) northwest of the city of Arequipa. People have lived on the slopes of Coropuna for millennia. The mountain was regarded as sacred by the Inca, and several archaeological sites have been discovered there, including the Inca sites of Maucallacta and Acchaymarca. The mountain was considered one of the most important Inca religious sites in their realm; human sacrifices were performed on its slopes, Coropuna forms part of many local legends and the mountain is worshiped to the present day.
The ice cap of Coropuna, which during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) had expanded to over 500 km2 (190 sq mi), has been in retreat since at least 1850. Estimates published in 2018 imply that the ice cap will persist until about 2120. The retreat of the Coropuna glaciers threatens the water supply of tens of thousands of people relying upon its watershed, and interaction between volcanic activity and glacial effects has generated mudflows that could be hazardous to surrounding populations. Because of this, the Peruvian geological agency, INGEMMET, monitors Coropuna and has published a hazard map for the volcano.
^Cite error: The named reference GVP was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Campos 2015, p. 2.
^Herrmann & Bucksch 2014, p. 1513.
^Herrmann & Bucksch 2014, p. 2296.
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Coropuna is a dormant compound volcano located in the Andes mountains of southeast-central Peru. The upper reaches of Coropuna consist of several perennially...
Volcanic cones, such as Misti, Chachani, Ampato, Mismi, Solimana and Coropuna, emerge above the plateaus and attract snowfall. In contrast with these...
The Cotahuasi River eroded the canyon between two mountain massifs: the Coropuna (6,425 m or 21,079 ft ASL) and the Solimana (6,093 m or 19,990 ft ASL)...
and extinct volcanoes in Peru. Peakware World Mountain Encyclopedia, "Coropuna". Peakware.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04., Retrieved December...
(19,767 ft) Carnicero, 5,960 m (19,554 ft) Chumpe, 6,106 m (20,033 ft) Coropuna, 6,377 m (20,922 ft) El Misti, 5,822 m (19,101 ft) El Toro, 5,830 m (19...
463 Bolivia – highest peak of Bolivia Ata 6,501 21,329 Argentina/Chile Coropuna 6,425 21,079 Peru Cerro El Cóndor 6,414 21,043 Argentina Parinacota 6,348...
with Pliocene-Quaternary activity are Sara Sara, Auquihuato, Solimana, Coropuna, Huambo volcanic field, Quimsachata, Chachani, Purupuruni, Casiri and Tacora...
Quelccaya Ice Cap is the second largest tropical icecap in the world after the Coropuna ice cap, and all of the outlet glaciers from the icecap are retreating...
Tirani Coropuna (snow-covered) and Tirani (upper right edge of this image) as seen from the air Highest point Elevation 5,105 m (16,749 ft) Coordinates...
Quenamari Ice Cap) is the second largest glaciated area in the tropics, after Coropuna. Located in the Cordillera Oriental section of the Andes mountains in Peru...
data and modern pollen rain of the puna belt in southern Peru (Nevado Coropuna, Western Cordillera)." Journal of Biogeography 34 (2007): 1762–1776 Rundel...
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