Copperas house, Limb Valley. Copperas (iron(II) sulfate) was manufactured here from the pyritic Ringinglow coal seam, mined nearby. The copperas solution was used in the leather tanning industry.
Copperas works are manufactories where copperas (iron(II) sulfate) is produced from pyrite, often obtained as a byproduct during coal mining, and iron. The history of producing green vitriol, as it was known, goes back hundreds of years in Scotland.[1] In 1814 the wool-producing city of Steubenville, Ohio had seven copperas-producing manufacturers.[2]
Pyrite has been used since classical times to manufacture copperas. Iron pyrite was heaped up and allowed to weather (an example of an early form of heap leaching). The acidic runoff from the heap was then boiled with iron to produce iron sulfate.[3]: 267 [4]: 152–153
Containment of leachate is important due to its toxicity; a fish kill that occurred in the 1890s in the Kanawha River was attributed to copperas solution release from the mines in Cannelton, West Virginia.[5]: 282
The "vitriolic waters of Fahlun" (Falun, Sweden), according to Murray (1844), annually produced "about 600 quintals of green vitriol" (sulfate of iron), as well as a "small quantity of blue vitriol" (sulfate of copper).[6] These may have been obtained through evaporation of the groundwater associated with mines in order to yield the crystalline form of copperas.[7]
^Wilson, John (1812). General View of the Agriculture of Renfrewshire with Observations on the Means of Its Improvement, Drawn Up for the Consideration of the Board of Agriculture, and Internal Improvement. Paisley, Renfrewshire: Stephen Young. p. 281. Retrieved 30 December 2022 – via Google Books.
^Sears, Robert, ed. (1848). A New and Popular Pictorial Description of the United States. New York: Robert Sears. pp. 506–508. Retrieved 30 December 2022 – via Internet Archive.
^"Industrial England in the Middle of the Eighteenth Century". Nature. 83 (2113): 264–268. 1910-04-28. Bibcode:1910Natur..83..264.. doi:10.1038/083264a0. S2CID 34019869.
^Wood, Henry Trueman (1910). "Chapter 6". Industrial England in the Middle of the Eighteenth Century. London: John Murray. pp. 129–157. hdl:2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t63497b2h. Retrieved 30 December 2022 – via Internet Archive.
^Evermann, Barton Warren (1902). "Description of a New Species of Shad (Alosa ohiensis), with Notes on Other Food-Fishes of the Ohio River" (PDF). In Bowers, George M. (ed.). U.S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries, George M. Bowers, Commissioner, Part 27: Report of the Commissioner for the Year Ending June 30, 1901. Washington: Government Printing Office. pp. 275–288. Retrieved 30 December 2022 – via Penobscot Bay Watch.
^Murray, Hugh (1844). "Part III, Book I, Chapter 15, Entry 3257. Sulphur and vitriol". The Encyclopædia of Geography: Comprising a Complete Description of the Earth, Physical, Statistical, Civil, and Political (Second ed.). London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. p. 768. Retrieved 30 December 2022 – via Google Books.
^Helm-Clark, C.M. (28 October 2017). "Green Vitriol". The Gnarly Science Blog. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
Steubenville, Ohio had seven copperas-producing manufacturers. Pyrite has been used since classical times to manufacture copperas. Iron pyrite was heaped up...
same year, the lands at Tankerton were incorporated into the manor. A copperasworks was established at Tankerton in 1588, which operated until about 1830...
tried again in 1814, and again finished second. In 1800, Wells built a copperasworks in Steubenville near Wells Run. He later partnered with Augustine Koelb...
Thomas Delaval, and Sir John Hussey Delaval Baronet, of certain Lands, CopperasWorks, Buildings, Liberties, and Privileges, in the Manors of Hartley and...
Copperhouse Marshes are salt marshes, so named after the copperasworks in nearby Gillingham. Copperas (or Iron(II) sulfate) was used as a dye for woollen...
Copperas Mountain (sometimes called "Big Copperas Mountain") is a summit in the U.S. state of Ohio. Copperas Mountain was so named on account of deposits...
London, coach factories in Durham and Newcastle, with mahogany trade and copperasworks. Angas came from a non-conformist religious household, and as a religious...
number of men in the Sheffield area. Close to the drift-mine was a copperasworks. This was disused by 1877. Today, the brook no longer supports any industry...
Ephraim Rinhold, Copperas Merchant, Blackwall; or at the Bank Coffee-house, Threadneedlestreet." At this time he was leasing the CopperasWorks in Bromley from...
forming a future extension of I-14. I-14 currently begins just east of Copperas Cove at the US 190 and Business US 190 interchange. From there, it continues...
Copperas Hill railway station served the small clifftop community of Copperas Hill, south of Harrington in the former county of Cumberland, England, which...
sidings served Montagu and Blucher Collieries, Carr's brickyard and a copperasworks. The station closed to passengers on 15 September 1958 and closed to...
[citation needed] The old name, Copperas Gap, for Portslade-by-Sea suggests that the coast was used for the production of copperas or green vitriol, a form of...
leaves, Lodra-bark (symplocos racemose/ morinda citri folia) Hirakas (copperas, green vitrol or sulphate of iron), Dorli fruit (solanum macrorrhizon)...
as a cowboy near Junction City. He also taught in one-room schools at Copperas Creek, San Angelo, and San Marcos. In 1889 he enrolled to study theology...
of Cologne. Hope examined furnaces for refining and making copperas at the "White Lead" works, L'ousine ou l'ouvrages de la blanch plumbier, beside the...
earliest discussions of the origin and properties of vitriol is in the works of the Greek physician Dioscorides (first century AD) and the Roman naturalist...
aniline black". Haematoxylin remained important as a black dye (using copperas or chrome as a mordant) for wool until the 1920s when a black synthetic...
has ancient origins; one of the classical methods for the manufacture of copperas (iron sulfate) was to heap up iron pyrite and collect the leachate from...
Humphrey Gilbert in 1580. Matthias Falconer of Brabant established the first copperas factory in England at Queenborough in 1579. King Charles I had the town...
cargo of 450 sacks of salt, 100 boxes of soap, and twenty four barrels of copperas. On 21 October she captured CSS Wando after a 5 1/2 hour chase. The blockade...
(stannous chloride), copper (cupric sulfate), iron (ferrous sulfate, called copperas) and chrome (potassium dichromate) are also used. Iron mordants "sadden"...
making from the same materials and by the same processes entirely new copperas, vitriol, and different sorts of dye or dying stuff, paints and colours...
Jersey, and Holiday Heights, New Jersey 2.8% Fort Riley North, Kansas, Copperas Cove, Texas, and Cedar Glen West, New Jersey 2.7% Pelican Bay, Florida...
unique area known as the Copperas Beds is exposed. This is an iron-cemented pebble conglomerate. This rock is named for the copperas (iron sulfate) efflorescences...
in Liverpool, England. It replaced the Pro-Cathedral of St. Nicholas, Copperas Hill. The cathedral is the seat of the archbishop of Liverpool, the mother...
Global Information