Not to be confused with Istanbul Convention, Istanbul Convention on Temporary Entry, Istanbul Protocol, Constantinople Agreement, or Constantinople Treaty.
Convention of Constantinople
Representatives of each respective country
Type
Multilateral trade treaty
Drafted
2 March 1888
Signed
29 October 1888
Location
Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
Effective
8 April 1904 [1][2]
Expiration
N/A
Signatories
United Kingdom
Russian Empire
French Republic
German Empire
Ottoman Empire
Austria-Hungary
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of Spain
Depositary
Ottoman Empire
Language
French
The Convention of Constantinople[3][4] is a treaty concerning the use of the Suez Canal in Egypt. It was signed on 29 October 1888 by the United Kingdom, the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. The Khedivate of Egypt, through whose territory the Canal ran and to which all shares in the Suez Canal Company were due to revert when the company's 99-year lease to manage the canal expired, was not invited to participate in the negotiations and did not sign the treaty.
The signatories comprised all the great European powers of the era, and the treaty was interpreted as a guaranteed right of passage of all ships through the Suez Canal during war and peace. During the 74 years of the United Kingdom's military presence in Egypt, from 1882 to 1956, the British government was in effective control of the Canal. In 1956, the Egyptian government nationalised the Suez Canal Company. Future wars between Egypt and Israel would see the canal blocked and unusable for extended periods of time.
^Love, p.171
^Allain, p.53
^The Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol.7, Edited by Hugh Chisholm, (1911), 3; Constantinople, the capital of the Turkish Empire...
^Britannica, Istanbul:When the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923, the capital was moved to Ankara, and Constantinople was officially renamed Istanbul in 1930.
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nationalisation act, SCA is bound by the 1888 ConventionofConstantinople, which grants the right of free access and use of the canal at equal conditions to all...
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the modern Greek state in 1881, after the ConventionofConstantinople except the area around the town of Elassona, which remained in Ottoman hands until...
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The Walls ofConstantinople (Turkish: Konstantinopolis Surları; Greek: Τείχη της Κωνσταντινουπόλεως) are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded...
893), also spelled Photius (/ˈfoʊʃəs/), was the ecumenical patriarch ofConstantinople from 858 to 867 and from 877 to 886. He is recognized in the Eastern...
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Cyprus Conventionof 4 June 1878 was a secret agreement reached between Great Britain and the Ottoman Empire which granted administrative control of Cyprus...
caused a great deal of controversy. The ConventionofConstantinople in 1888 declared the canal a neutral zone under the protection of the British, after...
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nationalization of the Suez Canal and the blockage of the canal for Israeli traffic in violation of the ConventionofConstantinople and other relevant...
Ottoman Empire signed the ConventionofConstantinople, which created a new Greco-Turkish border that Incorporated most of Thessaly into Greece. Crete...
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