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Constitutional liberalism is a form of government that upholds the principles of classical liberalism and the rule of law. It differs from liberal democracy in that it is not about the method of selecting government.[1]
The journalist and scholar Fareed Zakaria explains that constitutional liberalism "is about government's goals. It refers to the tradition, deep in Western history, that seeks to protect an individual's autonomy and dignity against coercion, whatever the source—state, church, or society".[2] In a constitutionally liberal state, a liberal market is regulated and protected at the level of the constitution and so trade is mostly free, but not entirely unhampered.[3]
Throughout history, democracy is becoming more common around the world, but it has been in decline for the last 13 years.[4] Freedom House reported that in 2018 there were 116 electoral democracies.[5] Many of these countries are not constitutionally liberal and can be described as illiberal democracies.[6][7] Constitutional liberalism is different from liberal constitutionalism. While the former asserts values of personal sovereignty at a constitutional level, the latter guards freedom to assert ones own values in the constitution.[8]
^Shapiro, Nathan (27 January 2014). "It's Not Democracy You Want...It's Liberalism". Retrieved 9 February 2014.
^Zakaria, Fareed (November 1997). "The Rise of Illiberal Democracy". Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
^Vanberg, Victor (1999). "Markets and Regulation: On the Contrast Between Free-Market Liberalism and Constitutional Liberalism" (PDF). Constitutional Political Economy. 10 (3): 219–243. doi:10.1023/A:1009007511719. S2CID 152810983 – via Springer Link.
^"Freedom in the World 2019". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 2019-02-05. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
^"Freedom in the World 2018". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 2018-01-16. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
^"Freedom in the World 2013". Freedom House. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
^Plattner, Marc (28 January 2009). "Liberalism and Democracy: Can't Have One Without the Other". Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 28 February 2014. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
^Vanberg, Victor (2011). "Liberal Constitutionalism, Constitutional Liberalism and Democracy" (PDF). Constitutional Political Economy. 22: 1–20. doi:10.1007/s10602-010-9090-8. hdl:10419/36458. S2CID 144433277 – via Springer.
and 29 Related for: Constitutional liberalism information
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two concepts are coming apart. He says that democracy without constitutionalliberalism is producing centralized regimes, the erosion of liberty, ethnic...
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never held a meaningful election, but its government epitomized constitutionalliberalism, protecting its citizens' basic rights and administering a fair...
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the majority. They favored a constitutional monarchy, popular sovereignty, and parliamentary rule. Organized liberalism developed in the 1860s, combining...
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liberals who, after 1849, stood in the tradition of the moderate, constitutionalliberalism of the Vormärz and the revolution of 1848/49. In a narrower sense...
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Liberalism in the Netherlands started as an anti-monarchical effort spearheaded by the Dutch statesman Thorbecke, who almost single-handedly wrote the...
never held a meaningful election, but its government epitomized constitutionalliberalism, protecting its citizens' basic rights and administering a fair...
Islamic constitutionalism. Classical liberalismConstitutionalliberalism Constitution Party (disambiguation) Constitutional law Constitutionalism in the United...
Frankfurter. His 1909 book The Promise of American Life looked to the constitutionalliberalism as espoused by Alexander Hamilton, combined with the radical democracy...
244–257. Bayly, C. A. (2007). "Rammohan Roy and the advent of constitutionalliberalism in India, 1800–30". Modern Intellectual History. 4 (1): 25–41...
Western world is actually "liberal democracy", a combination of constitutionalliberalism and participatory politics. Zakaria points out that protection...