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Politics of Peru
Constitution
Executive
President of Peru Dina Boluarte
Vice Presidents of Peru Vacant (1st) Vacant (2nd)
Prime Minister of Peru Gustavo Adrianzén
Cabinet
Ministries
Legislature
Congress of the Republic
President Alejandro Soto Reyes
Judiciary
Supreme Court of the Republic President Javier Arévalo Vela [es]
Superior Courts of Justice
Courts of First Instance
Courts of Peace
Autonomies
National Board of Justice
Constitutional Court
Public Ministry
Office of the Public Defender (Ombudsman)
Comptrollership General
Financial superintendence (SBS)
Central Reserve Bank
Elections
Electoral system
Electoral Processes (ONPE)
Jury of Elections (JNE)
National Registry (RENIEC)
Administrative divisions
First level 24 departments, 1 constitutional province and 1 special regime province (25 regional governments and 1 Metropolitan Municipality)
Second level 196 provinces (Provincial municipalities)
Third level 1874 districts (District municipalities)
Fourth level Populated centers of Peru
Foreign relations
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Minister: Javier González-Olaechea [es]
Diplomatic missions of / in Peru
Nationality law
Passport
Visa requirements
Visa policy
Peru portal
Other countries
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Constitution of Peru (miniature book).jpg
The Political Constitution of Peru (Spanish: Constitución Política del Perú) is the supreme law of Peru. The current constitution, enacted on 31 December 1993, is Peru's fifth in the 20th century and replaced the 1979 Constitution.[1] The Constitution was drafted by the Democratic Constituent Congress that was convened by President Alberto Fujimori during the Peruvian Constitutional Crisis of 1992 that followed his 1992 dissolution of Congress, was promulgated on 29 December 1993. A Democratic Constitutional Congress (CCD) was elected in 1992, and the final text was approved in a 1993 referendum. The Constitution was primarily created by Fujimori and supporters without the participation of any opposing entities.[2]
The current Constitution of Peru differs from the 1979 Constitution in that it gives greater power to the president. For example, it allowed for reelection, reduced the bicameral 240-member congress to a unicameral 120 Congress of the Republic,[3] not only affirmed the president's power to veto found in the 1979 Constitution, but also gave him the power to use a line item veto, and mandated that all tax laws receive prior approval by the Ministry of Economics and Finance. While the Constitution of 1979 allowed the president to dissolve congress after congress censured cabinet members three times, the current constitution allows the president to do so after only two censures. The Constitution allows the president to decree laws as long as they first informs the Congress of their intent to do so. If the president dissolves Congress, the Constitution gives them the power to rule until the election of a new Congress within a four-month timeline, during which time the Standing Committee of the dissolved Congress will remain functioning. Following the ouster of President Alberto Fujimori, the Constitution was amended to bar the president from immediate re-election, a status quo that had prevailed for most of the time since the Great Depression.
Since the 2020 Peruvian protests, calls for the creation of a constituent assembly have been made in Peru,[4] with the majority of Peruvians showing approval of a new constitution in 2023.[5]
^Economist Intelligence Unit (2005-01-12). "Country Briefings: Peru – Political forces". The Economist. Retrieved 2007-02-23.
^Villalba, Fernando Velásquez (2022). "A totalidade neoliberal-fujimorista: estigmatização e colonialidade no peru contemporâneo". Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais. 37 (109): e3710906. doi:10.1590/3710906/2022. Retrieved 18 January 2023. terruqueo, ou seja, a construção artificial, racista e conveniente de um inimigo sociopolítico para deslegitimar formas de protesto social
^"Peru: Government". Encyclopedia of the Nations – Americas. Thomson Gale. 2006. Retrieved 2007-02-23.
^"Con primera ministra a la cabeza, así es el nuevo gabinete de Francisco Sagasti en Perú". France 24. 2020-11-19. Retrieved 2023-01-26.
^"Dina Boluarte: "La asamblea constituyente es un pretexto para seguir bloqueando carreteras"". La Republica (in Spanish). 2023-01-17. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
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