The Constitution of the Republic of Belarus (Belarusian: Канстытуцыя Рэспублікі Беларусь; Russian: Конституция Республики Беларусь) is the ultimate law of Belarus.[1] The Constitution is composed of a preamble and nine sections divided into 146 articles.[2]
Adopted in 1994, three years after the country declared its independence from the Soviet Union, this formal document establishes the framework of the Belarusian state and government and enumerates the rights and freedoms of its citizens. However, the United Nations and various observers challenge that the rule of law is respected or that the judiciary is independent in Belarus, highlighting the consolidation of power by the current president.[3][4][5]
The constitution was drafted by the Supreme Council of Belarus, the former legislative body of the country and is heavily influenced by Western constitutions. The constitution has been amended thrice under controversial circumstances since the original adoption, in 1996, in 2004 and in 2022. Two referendums that were disputed by independent observers and government opposition leaders increased the power of the presidency over the government and eliminated the term limits for the presidency.
^CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS OF 1994 (with changes and additions adopted at the republican referenda of November 24, 1996* and of October 17, 2004), The National Legal Internet Portal of the Republic of Belarus, retrieved 2021-06-08
^BelTA. March 15 - Day of Constitution (of the) Republic of Belarus Archived 2007-06-07 at the Wayback Machine. Published March 13, 2007. Retrieved July 11, 2007. (in Russian)
^Lukashuk, Alexander (1998). "Yesterday as Tomorrow: Why It Works in Belarus". Eastern Europe Constitutional Review. 7 (3). Archived from the original on 2008-05-18. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
^Burkhardt F. (2016). "Belarus". In Fruhstorfer A.; Hein M. (eds.). Constitutional Politics in Central and Eastern Europe. Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft. Springer VS. pp. 463–493. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-13762-5_19. ISBN 978-3-658-13761-8.
^Cumaraswamy, Dato' Param (2001). Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers, Dato' Param Cumaraswamy, submitted in accordance with Commission resolution 2000/42 (Report). United Nations.
and 28 Related for: Constitution of Belarus information
The Constitutionof the Republic ofBelarus (Belarusian: Канстытуцыя Рэспублікі Беларусь; Russian: Конституция Республики Беларусь) is the ultimate law...
Belarus, officially the Republic ofBelarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to...
Respubliki Belarus') is the head of state and head of government ofBelarus. The office was created in 1994 with the passing of the ConstitutionofBelarus by...
largest ethnic group in Belarus (see Polish minority in Belarus). There are around 15,000 of Lipka Tatars and about 10,000 of Ruska Roma (Russian Gypsies)...
holidays in Belarus are classified into state holidays and other holidays and commemorative days, including religious holidays. Nine of them are non-working...
sobran'ye Respubliki Belarus') is the bicameral parliament ofBelarus. The two chambers of the National Assembly are: the Council of the Republic – the...
People's Republic in 1918 before Belarus became a Soviet Republic, then by the Belarusian national movement in West Belarus followed by widespread unofficial...
presence in Belarus. The basis of the union was strengthened on 2 April 1997 with the signing of the "Treaty on the Union between Belarus and Russia"...
Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe condemned "in the strongest possible terms the executions in Belarus and deplores the fact that Belarus is currently...
Soviet Belarus, or simply Belarus, was a republic of the Soviet Union (USSR). It existed between 1920 and 1991 as one of fifteen constituent republics of the...
The lands ofBelarus during the Middle Ages became part of Kievan Rus' and were split between different principalities, including Polotsk, Turov, Vitebsk...
Government ofBelarus and Other Persons That Undermine Democratic Processes or Institutions in Belarus". The following chart shows Belarus's ratings since...
its inclusion in the 1991 draft of the ConstitutionofBelarus. Accordingly, the name Byelorussia was replaced by Belarus in English. Likewise, the adjective...
is a list of national constitutions by country, semi-recognized countries, and by codification. A codified constitution is a constitution that is contained...
Gosudarstvennyĭ gerb Respubliki Belarusʹ (Государственный герб Республики Беларусь). Between 1991 and 1995, Belarus used a coat of arms, known as the Pahonia...
people in Belarus face significant challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Although same-sex sexual activity is legal in Belarus, gay and lesbian...
Anthem ofBelarus". A Belarus Miscellany. 2005. Archived from the original on 2008-10-12. "ConstitutionofBelarus, Section 1". Press Service of the President...
Ukrainian and news websites were blocked in Belarus. The ConstitutionofBelarus guarantees freedom of speech, but this is contradicted in practice by...
Government ofBelarus, National Legal Internet Portal of the Republic ofBelarus. Archived from the original on September 28, 2008. "Belarus: Window of Opportunity...
Retrieved 2019-06-03. "Belarus Gets New Prime Minister Amid Growing Criticism | Voice of America - English". www.voanews.com. "Belarus' Lukashenko reshuffles...
of the Supreme Soviet ofBelarus from 28 January 1994 to 10 January 1996. In his capacity as the head of state, Hryb adopted the first Constitution of...
most of the former Soviet republics. In Belarus, Russian is a second state language alongside Belarusian per the ConstitutionofBelarus. 77% of the population...
symbols ofBelarus. In the 1994 ConstitutionofBelarus, Article 19 lists the official symbols of the country. Article 19 reads: The symbols of the Republic...
changes in the ConstitutionofBelarus and subsequently became Belarus's language of administration, business and education. In 1999, only 17% of pupils attended...
in Belarus under Lukashenko's regime and his massive crackdown on opposition. ConstitutionofBelarus Human rights in Belarus Yuras Karmanau, Belarus calls...
Belarus, a close ally of Russia, has supported its eastern neighbour in the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Before the start of the offensive, Belarus allowed...
the Belarus Supreme Soviet on April 13, 1995, with the passage of Resolution N 3726-XII, titled "System of State Awards for the Republic ofBelarus". Alongside...