The Varsity (newspaper) magazine feature on Connaught Farm and Laboratories, 1917
Founder(s)
John G. FitzGerald
Established
1914
Formerly called
Antitoxin Laboratory (1914), Connaught Antitoxin Laboratories and University Farm (1917)
Location
Toronto
,
Ontario
,
Canada
The Connaught Medical Research Laboratories was a non-commercial public health entity established by Dr. John G. FitzGerald in 1914 in Toronto to produce the diphtheria antitoxin. Contemporaneously, the institution was likened to the Pasteur Institutes in France and Belgium and the Lister Institute in London. It expanded significantly after the discovery of insulin at the University of Toronto in 1921, manufacturing and distributing insulin at cost in Canada and overseas. Its non-commercial mandate mediated commercial interests and kept the medication accessible. In the 1930s, methodological advances at Connaught updated the international standard for insulin production.[citation needed]
Efforts at Connaught to purify heparin for human clinical trials lay the foundation for various critical surgeries including vascular surgery, organ transplantation and cardiac surgery. During the First and Second World Wars, the Labs produced various antitoxins that became crucial due to increased risks of injury infection and exposure to diseases in other parts of the world, including the typhus vaccine and penicillin. Connaught's production technologies also enabled the mass-scale field trial of Jonas Salk's polio vaccine and its subsequent expansion. The institution played a particularly important role in restoring U.S. public faith in the polio vaccine after a production mishap at California-based Cutter Laboratories.
In 1972, the University of Toronto sold Connaught Laboratories to the Canada Development Corporation (CDC), a federally-controlled corporation charged with developing and maintaining Canadian-controlled companies in the private sector through a mixture of public and private investment. The sale continued to stir controversy in the following years as the Labs increased prices on its products and came under allegations of mismanagement and deteriorated manufacturing standards. In 1986, the Labs were transferred to private ownership as the CDC was dismantled as part of the Mulroney government's program of privatization. Connaught was merged with Institut Mérieux in 1989, and in 1999 it was transformed into the Canadian component of "Pasteur Mérieux Connaught", owned by Rhône-Poulenc. A series of acquisitions since then have transferred ownership of what used to be the Connaught Laboratories to the global vaccine business of Sanofi.
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FitzGerald, director of the non-commercial public health institution ConnaughtLaboratories, therefore stepped in as peacemaker. The resulting agreement of...
- following the model of the Pasteur Institute in Paris and the ConnaughtLaboratories of the University of Toronto (Malissard, 1998; 1999a, 1999b, 2000)-...
was founded in 1970, through the merger of two French pharmaceutical laboratories, Laboratoires Dausse (founded in 1834)б and Laboratoires Robert & Carrière...
past its expiry date, gave it to ConnaughtLaboratories, the major producer of blood products in Canada. Connaught had initially been a non-profit company...
for ConnaughtLaboratories, a vaccine manufacturer that emerged from the University of Toronto and now belongs to Sanofi. While working for Connaught Laboratories...
requirements of the airline. Mulroney's government also privatized ConnaughtLaboratories in 1984 through two public issues (one in 1984 and one in 1987)...
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treatment by Banting and collaborating physicians. The non-commercial ConnaughtLaboratories collaborated with researchers to scale production. Once limits were...
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domestic vaccine production facility since the privatization of the ConnaughtLaboratories in the 1980s, and the Trudeau government did not invest in building...
a member of the board of directors of the following companies: ConnaughtLaboratories Ltd., CDC Life Sciences Inc., Bank of Montreal, Alcan, Hoechst Canada...
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Robert Defries (M.D. 1913) – physician; former director of Connaught Medical Research Laboratories Theodore Drake (M.B. 1914) – pediatrician and nutrition...
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