Computer programming in the punched card era information
History of computer programming using punch cards
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Student programmers at the Technische Hochschule in Aachen, West Germany in 1970 using IBM 026 keypunches.Punched card from a Fortran program.
From the invention of computer programming languages up to the mid-1970s, most computer programmers created, edited and stored their programs line by line on punch cards.
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A punchedcard (also punchcard or punched-card) is a piece of card stock that stores digital data using punched holes. Punched cards were once common...
machines the resulting punched cards contained data to be processed by those machines. For computers equipped with a punchedcard input/output device the resulting...
often used punched cards or punched paper tape for input and as the main (non-volatile) storage medium. Engineer Tommy Flowers joined the telecommunications...
Punched card input/output Computerprogramminginthepunchedcardera IBM Corporation (1967). IBM Field Engineering Theory of Operation: 2501 Card Reader...
at thecomputer with program and data, often on punched paper cards and magnetic or paper tape. Theprogram would be loaded into the machine, and the machine...
machine to run the program (using punched cards for data input, and outputting results onto punched cards). Two versions existed for the 650s with a 2000...
to the complex numerical calculations required of scientific computers. As such, the UNIVAC competed directly against punch-card machines, though the UNIVAC...
electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as programs. These programs enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks. The term computer...
the same as that which has dominated computer design inthe electronic era. The analytical engine is one of the most successful achievements of Charles...
but most larger computers continued to require terminals. Early terminals were inexpensive devices but very slow compared to punched cards or paper tape...
controls on computer and peripheral devices. This Excludes Data Entry." The position has evolved from its beginnings inthepunchedcardera. A Bureau of...
during thepunchcardera, when programs were typically written out by hand, to avoid ambiguity when the character was later typed on a cardpunch. The slashed...
Integrator and Computer) was the first programmable, electronic, general-purpose digital computer, completed in 1945. Other computers had some of these...
to the IBM 701 and IBM 702 computers, which were for scientific and business purposes respectively. It was also marketed to users of punchedcard machines...
drive programmed machines such as Jacquard looms. "After some initial trials with paper tape, he settled on punched cards..." Hollerith used punched cards...
Computer memory stores information, such as data and programs, for immediate use inthecomputer. The term memory is often synonymous with the terms RAM...
the IBM 1400 series. Symbolic Programming System (SPS), was the assembler offered when IBM originally announced 1401 as a punched-card-only computer....
from most programming languages of its era by having patterns as a first-class data type (i.e. a data type whose values can be manipulated in all ways...
members of the series could be used as independent systems, as extensions to IBM punched-card equipment, or as auxiliary equipment to other computer systems...
for punched cards to assist in summarizing information and, later, in accounting. His invention of thepunchedcard tabulating machine, patented in 1884...
computers of that era had similar features. For example, the IBM 1401 system (c. 1958) used a card reader to load a program from a punchedcard. The 80...
may shrink to 55–78 CPL. Incomputer technology, a line of an IBM punchedcard consisted of 80 characters. Widespread computer terminals such as DEC's...
like the arithmometer and the enabling technology of thepunchcard. Charles Babbage proposed a mechanical general-purpose computer called the Analytical...
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