Method of extracting steam energy in a steam turbine
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Compounding of steam turbines is a method of extracting steam energy in multiple stages rather than in a single stage in a steam turbine. A compounded steam turbine has multiple stages with more than one set of nozzles and rotors. These are arranged in series, either keyed to the common shaft or fixed to the casing. The result of this arrangement allows either the steam pressure or the jet velocity to be absorbed by the turbine in a number of stages.[1][2]
Compounded steam turbines are used to reduce rotor speeds to achieve optimal operating revolutions per minute. The steam produced in the boiler has sufficiently high enthalpy when superheated. In all turbines the blade velocity is directly proportional to the velocity of the steam passing over the blade. Now, if the entire energy of the steam is extracted in one stage, i.e. if the steam is expanded from the boiler pressure to the condenser pressure in a single stage, then its velocity will be very high. Hence the velocity of the rotor (to which the blades are keyed) can reach to about 30,000 rpm, which is too high for practical uses due to very high vibration. Moreover, at such high speeds the centrifugal forces are immense, and can damage the structure. Hence, compounding is needed. The high velocity steam just strikes on a single ring of rotor that causes wastage of steam ranging 10% to 12%. To overcome the wastage of steam, compounding of steam turbines are used.
^Bag, S (2023). "A REVIEW ON COMPOUNDING OF STEAM TURBINE" (PDF). International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science. 5 (8). Retrieved 1 March 2024.
^Mazur, Z (2008). "Steam turbine blade failure analysis". Engineering Failure Analysis. 15 (1): 129–141. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
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