This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Color phi phenomenon" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(September 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: "Color phi phenomenon" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
(Learn how and when to remove this message)
The color phi phenomenon is the fact that, when apparent motion is induced between objects with different colors, the color of the apparently moving object abruptly changes midway along the path. It is a perceptual illusion described by psychologists Paul Kolers and Michael von Grünau[1] in which a disembodied perception of motion is produced by a succession of still images. The color phi phenomenon is a more complex variation of the phi phenomenon. Kolers and von Grünau originally investigated the phenomenon in response to a question posed by the philosopher Nelson Goodman, who asked what the effect of the color change would have on the phi phenomenon.
The classic color phi phenomenon experiment involves a viewer or audience watching a screen, upon which the experimenter projects two images in succession. The first image depicts a blue dot at the top of the frame. The second image depicts a red dot on the bottom of the frame. The images may be shown quickly, in rapid succession, or each frame may be given several seconds of viewing time. Once both images have been projected, the experimenter asks the viewer or audience to describe what they saw.
At certain combinations of spacing and timing of the two images, a viewer will report a sensation of motion in the space between the two dots. The first spot will begin to appear to be moving, and will then "change color abruptly in the middle of its illusory path".
What is actually shown: First a blue dot is shown at the top of the screen, followed by a period of blank screen. Finally a red dot is shown at the bottom of the screen.
Subjects report seeing a dot that moves from the top to the bottom. The dot changes color midway through its path.
^Kolers, Paul A.; von Grünau, Michael (1976). "Shape and color in apparent motion". Vision Research. 16 (4): 329–335. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(76)90192-9. ISSN 0042-6989. PMID 941407. S2CID 19376707.
and 27 Related for: Color phi phenomenon information
The colorphiphenomenon is the fact that, when apparent motion is induced between objects with different colors, the color of the apparently moving object...
The term phiphenomenon is used in a narrow sense for an apparent motion that is observed if two nearby optical stimuli are presented in alternation with...
one. In the colorphiphenomenon, two colored dots presented sequentially within a small time and distance will appear to have changed color in the middle...
psychology and neuroscience. In experiments that demonstrate the ColorPhiphenomenon and the metacontrast effect, two stimuli are rapidly flashed on a...
illusion that demonstrates color adaptation or human visual perception. The chaser effect results from the phiphenomenon illusion, combined with an afterimage...
from the optical phenomenon called Rayleigh scattering which produces a concentration of shorter wavelengths and hence the blue color appearance. The human...
a moving objectless phenomenon was seen between and around the projected figures. Wertheimer supposed this "pure phiphenomenon" was a more direct sensory...
composed of up quarks, down quarks and electrons. Owing to a phenomenon known as color confinement, quarks are never found in isolation; they can be...
Color transparency is a phenomenon observed in high-energy particle physics, where hadrons (particles made of quarks such as a proton or mesons) created...
(2008) Textbook on Engineering Physics, PHI, New Delhi, part I, Ch. 3, ISBN 8120336658 Blue & red | Causes of Color. Webexhibits.org. Retrieved on 2018-08-06...
often described colloquially as a "neon color" (originally "day-glo" in the late 1960s, early 1970s). This phenomenon was termed "Farbenglut" by Hermann von...
{\displaystyle \Phi (x,y)} for any point ( x , y ) {\displaystyle (x,y)} is then given by Φ ( x , y ) = m i ( x , y ) {\textstyle \Phi (x,y)=m_{i}(x,y)}...
like a car, although the larger object is actually moving faster. The phiphenomenon is yet another example of how the brain perceives motion, which is most...
should describe massless particles (gluons). However, the postulated phenomenon of color confinement permits only bound states of gluons, forming massive...
similar figure in a slightly different position. Beta movement and the phiphenomenon are examples of apparent motion that can be induced with stroboscopic...
perception to the viewer, and reduces flicker by taking advantage of the phiphenomenon. The European Broadcasting Union has argued against interlaced video...
operations of the brain and the human visual system. "Flicker fusion", the "phiphenomenon", and "beta movement" are among the terms that have replaced "persistence...
ϕ sin θ , m cos θ ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {m} =(m\cos \phi \sin \theta ,m\sin \phi \sin \theta ,m\cos \theta )} ), one can understand the meaning...
and clouds, precipitation, and electromagnetic radiation. Phi_DP ( Φ D P {\displaystyle \Phi _{DP}} ) pileus A small accessory cloud, appearing as a smooth...
the two stimuli and alternately occluding them. This is called the phiphenomenon and is sometimes described as an example of "pure" motion detection...
\phi )=R(r)P(\theta )F(\phi )} The differential equation for F {\displaystyle F} can be solved in the form F ( ϕ ) = A e λ ϕ {\displaystyle F(\phi )=Ae^{\lambda...
perception phenomena. Examples of meteorological phenomena include: The blue color of the sky. This is from Rayleigh scattering, which sends more higher frequency/shorter...
top, and bottom. Quarks carry color charge, and hence interact via the strong interaction. The color confinement phenomenon results in quarks being strongly...