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"Drive to the Collective Farm!" – 1920s Yiddish-language poster featuring women kolkhoz workers"Kolkhoz-woman with pumpkins", 1930 painting
Collective farming and communal farming are various types of "agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise".[1] There are two broad types of communal farms: agricultural cooperatives, in which member-owners jointly engage in farming activities as a collective; and state farms, which are owned and directly run by a centralized government. The process by which farmland is aggregated is called collectivization. In some countries (including the Soviet Union, the Eastern Bloc countries, China and Vietnam), there have been both state-run and cooperative-run variants. For example, the Soviet Union had both kolkhozy (cooperative-run farms) and sovkhozy (state-run farms).
^Definition of collective farm in The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1993.
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organize "high level cooperatives", true collectivefarming in which land and resources were utilized collectively without individual ownership of land....
family farming. Initially, a collective farm resembled an updated version of the traditional Russian obshchina "commune", the generic "farming association"...
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of India are subsistence farming, organic farming, industrial farming. Regions throughout India differ in types of farming they use; some are based on...
organize "high level cooperatives", true collectivefarming in which land and resources were utilized collectively without individual ownership of land....
nationwide program of collectivization.[citation needed] Several forms of collectivefarming were suggested by the People's Commissariat for Agriculture (Narkomzem)...
Soviet Union was based on state ownership of the means of production, collectivefarming, and industrial manufacturing. An administrative-command system managed...
increased rapidly, in sync with the increasing world population. Collectivefarming was widely practiced in the Soviet Union, the Eastern Bloc countries...
profits and losses of an enterprise. This system, which came to replace collectivefarming, maintained public ownership of land and some of the means of production...
[citation needed] In some societies (especially socialist and communist), collectivefarming is the norm, with either government ownership of the land or common...
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1936, resulting in workers' control of businesses and factories, collectivefarming in the countryside, and attacks against Spanish nationalists and the...
Anti-revisionism Central planning Soviet-type economic planning CollectivefarmingCollective leadership Commanding heights of the economy Democratic centralism...
Union and some post-Soviet states State Agricultural Farm, a form of collectivefarming in People's Republic of Poland Volkseigenes Gut, state-owned farm...
Anti-revisionism Central planning Soviet-type economic planning CollectivefarmingCollective leadership Commanding heights of the economy Democratic centralism...
marriages under family law. Even though it is currently illegal, after collectivefarming was phased out and the farmed land reverted in the form of long-term...
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economic opportunities that would aid in a gradual transition to CollectiveFarming. Additionally, Trotsky saw the New Economic Policy as a means to prevent...
Diplomat. Retrieved 8 November 2021. Hioe, Brian (22 June 2020). "The Qiao Collective and Left Diasporic Chinese Nationalism". New Bloom Magazine. Archived...
Anti-revisionism Central planning Soviet-type economic planning CollectivefarmingCollective leadership Commanding heights of the economy Democratic centralism...
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