Machine designed to physically mimic the human brain and host artificial intelligence
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A cognitive computer is a computer that hardwires artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms into an integrated circuit that closely reproduces the behavior of the human brain.[1] It generally adopts a neuromorphic engineering approach. Synonyms include neuromorphic chip and cognitive chip.[2][3]
In 2023, IBM's proof-of-concept NorthPole chip (optimized for 2-, 4- and 8-bit precision) achieved remarkable performance in image recognition.[4]
In 2013, IBM developed Watson, a cognitive computer implemented using neural networks and deep learning techniques.[5] The next year it developed the 2014 TrueNorth microchip architecture,[6] which is designed to be closer in structure to the human brain than the von Neumann architecture used in conventional computers.[1] In 2017, Intel also announced its version of a cognitive chip in "Loihi", which it intended to be available to university and research labs in 2018. Intel (most notably with its Pohoiki Beach and Springs systems[7][8]), Qualcomm, and others are improving neuromorphic processors steadily.
^ abWitchalls, Clint (November 2014). "A computer that thinks". New Scientist. 224 (2994): 28–29. Bibcode:2014NewSc.224...28W. doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(14)62145-X.
^Seo, Jae-sun; Brezzo, Bernard; Liu, Yong; Parker, Benjamin D.; Esser, Steven K.; Montoye, Robert K.; Rajendran, Bipin; Tierno, José A.; Chang, Leland; Modha, Dharmendra S.; Friedman, Daniel J. (September 2011). "A 45nm CMOS neuromorphic chip with a scalable architecture for learning in networks of spiking neurons". 2011 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC). pp. 1–4. doi:10.1109/CICC.2011.6055293. ISBN 978-1-4577-0222-8. S2CID 18690998. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
^"Samsung plugs IBM's brain-imitating chip into an advanced sensor". Engadget. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
^Cite error: The named reference spectrumIEEE was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^KELLY, JOHN E.; HAMM, STEVE (2013). Smart Machines: IBM's Watson and the Era of Cognitive Computing. Columbia University Press. doi:10.7312/kell16856. ISBN 9780231537278. JSTOR 10.7312/kell16856.
^"The brain's architecture, efficiency… on a chip". IBM Research Blog. 2016-12-19. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
^"Intel's Pohoiki Beach, a 64-Chip Neuromorphic System, Delivers Breakthrough Results in Research Tests". Intel Newsroom.
^"Korean Researchers Devel". 30 March 2020.
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