Forced-march caravan of chained enslaved people or animals
Coffle gang
A coffle, sometimes called a platoon or a drove, was a group of enslaved people chained together and marched from one place to another by owners or slave traders.[1][2][3] These troupes, sometimes called shipping lots before they were moved, ranged in size from a fewer than a dozen to 200 or more enslaved people.
^Humphrey, Tom (June 2, 2018). "New book on history of slavery in Tennessee". Retrieved January 18, 2022.
^"Slave Prisons". Bedford County Press and Everett Press. September 10, 1878. p. 4. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
^Morgan, Michael (2015). Delmarva's Patty Cannon: The Devil on the Nanticoke. Arcadia Publishing. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-62619-812-8.
A coffle, sometimes called a platoon or a drove, was a group of enslaved people chained together and marched from one place to another by owners or slave...
buying enslaved people in Virginia and Maryland, before marching them in coffles to sale at Natchez, Mississippi. He introduced John Armfield to the slave...
Noble's painting inspired by Margaret Garner, an interstate slave trade coffle from Virginia to Tennessee, Omar ibn Said (c. 1850), Dolly Johnson (c. 1861)...
new owners, or a combination of the two. They were moved in groups in a coffle. This meant that people were chained together with iron rings around their...
John Kirby by enslaved men they were transporting overland to Georgia in a coffle." The Kirbys had been to the slave markets of Baltimore (one enslaved person...
enslaved people by ocean-going ship between the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Coffle: Group of enslaved people in a chain-gang for overland shipment on foot...
convict labor. Slave trader, sold to Tennessee (watercolor image of overland coffle) "Just received from Virginia and Middle Tennessee a likely lot of young...
type of speculator, most thought, who destroyed slave families, escorted coffles, sold diseased slaves, and concealed the flaws of bondservants. They were...
were selectively constructed or brought into tension in scenes like the coffle, coerced performances of slave leisure on the plantation, and the popular...
usually full." Brown recalled being surprised by the number of people per coffle delivered by slave speculators connected with Freeman, including "Williams...
shipping from the port of Alexandria compared to the lengthy foot journey the coffle was undertaking. Washington insisted the sale was justified by the economics...
the most common route, but most slaves were forced to walk overland in coffles. Others were shipped downriver from such markets as Louisville on the Ohio...
Over You Don't Hear No Drums The Market Place Soul for Sale Plantation Coffle March Work Song (Blood on the Fields) Lady's Lament Flying High Oh We Have...
(Kilpatrick) Ashley of Kentucky. As a boy in the Ohio River valley, Ashley saw coffles of chained slaves being walked to the Deep South, boys his own age being...
best point from which to start both coast-wise shipments and overland coffles, large numbers of slaves passed through Washington from Maryland to Alexandria...
of coastwise slave ship from Charleston to Savannah (1843), and (3c) a coffle passing the U.S. Capitol under construction (1825); (4) Richmond Slave Market...
mothers clinging to their children as they are torn from them, of slave coffles being driven South; description of patrols, of failed attempt(s) to escape...
slave traders—either overland where they were held for days in chained coffles, or by the coastwise trade and ships. The majority of slaves in the Deep...
and the slave population there nearly tripled from 1840 to 1860. Slave "coffles" became frequent sights in West Virginia. These were groups of enslaved...
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