48 (38 Israeli civilians including 13 children,[1] 1 Israeli soldier[not verified in body] + 9 Palestinian attackers)
Injured
76 wounded[1]
Perpetrators
Fatah, PLO
No. of participants
11 militants
v
t
e
Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
Engagements
El Al Flight 426 hijacking
El Al Flight 253 attack
retaliation raid
El Al Flight 432 attack
TWA Flight 840 hijacking (1969)
Avivim school bus bombing
Lod Airport massacre
Sabena Flight 571
1972 air raid
Kiryat Shmona massacre
Ma'alot massacre
1974 Nahariya attack
Savoy Hotel attack
Kfar Yuval hostage crisis
Coastal Road massacre
1978 South Lebanon conflict
1979 Ma'alot attack
1979 Nahariya attack
Misgav Am hostage crisis
1981 bombing of Lebanon
1982 Lebanon War
siege of Beirut
International incidents
Munich massacre
Operation Wrath of God
1972 raid
Israeli Bangkok Embassy hostage crisis
1973 raid
Sabena Flight 571 hijacking
Attack on the Saudi Embassy in Khartoum
1973 New York City bomb plot
1973 Athens Hellinikon International Airport attack
TWA Flight 841 (1974)
Pan Am Flight 110
Operation Entebbe
The Coastal Road massacre occurred on 11 March 1978, when Palestinian militants hijacked a bus on the Coastal Highway of Israel and murdered its occupants; 38 Israeli civilians, including 13 children, were killed as a result of the attack while 76 more were wounded.[2][1][3] The attack was planned by the influential Palestinian militant leader Khalil al-Wazir (aka Abu Jihad)[4] and carried out by Fatah, a Palestinian nationalist party co-founded by al-Wazir and Yasser Arafat in 1959. The initial plan of the militants was to seize a luxury hotel in the Israeli city of Tel Aviv and take tourists and foreign ambassadors hostage in order to exchange them for Palestinian prisoners in Israeli custody.[5]
According to Time magazine, the timing was aimed primarily at undermining Israeli–Egyptian peace talks between Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat and damaging Israel's tourism sector.[6][7] However, due to a navigational error, the attackers ended up 64 kilometres (40 mi) north of their target, and were forced to find an alternative method of transportation to their destination.[6]
Time characterized it as "the worst terrorist attack in Israel's history."[7] Fatah dubbed the hijacking "Operation of the Martyr Kamal Adwan"[8] after the chief of operations of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), who was killed during the Israeli commando raid on Lebanon in April 1973.[9][10] In response to the massacre, Israel launched Operation Litani against PLO bases in southern Lebanon three days later.
^ abc"1978, March 11. The Coastal Road Massacre". Richard Ernest Dupuy, Trevor Nevitt Dupuy (chamel). The Encyclopedia of Military History from 3500 B.C. to the Present, Harper & Row, 1986; ISBN 978-0-06-181235-4, p. 1362.
^Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. "Statement to the press by Prime Minister Begin on the massacre of Israelis on the Haifa-Tel Aviv Road". Archived 24 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Historical Documents Archive: 12 March 1978.
^Gregory S. Mahler. "Operation Litani is launched in retaliation for that month's Coastal Road massacre", Politics and Government in Israel: The Maturation of a Modern State, Rowman & Littlefield, 2004, ISBN 978-0-7425-1611-3, p. 259.
^"Israel's successful assassinations" (in Hebrew). MSN. Retrieved 29 March 2008.
^Moshe Brilliant, "Israeli officials Say Gunmen Intended to Seize Hotel", The New York Times, 13 March 1978.
^ abCite error: The named reference tragedy was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ab"A Sabbath of Terror", Time, 20 March 1978.
^Edgar O'Ballance (1979). Language of Violence: The Blood Politics of Terrorism, p. 289, Presidio Press (original from the University of Michigan); ISBN 978-0-89141-020-1, ISBN 978-0-89141-020-1
^"An Eye for an Eye". CBS. 20 November 2001. Retrieved 21 November 2001.
^Greenaway, HDS, "Arab Terrorist Raid in Israel Kills 30", The Washington Post, 12 March 1978.
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