A Closed Game (or Double Queen's Pawn Opening) is a chess opening that begins with the moves:
1. d4 d5
The move 1.d4 offers the same benefits to development and center control as does 1.e4, but unlike with the king's pawn openings where the e4-pawn is undefended after the first move, the d4-pawn is protected by White's queen. This slight difference has a tremendous effect on the opening. For instance, whereas the King's Gambit is rarely played today at the highest levels of chess, the Queen's Gambit remains popular at all levels of play. Also, compared with the king's pawn openings, transpositions between variations are more common and important in the closed games.
This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.
^Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1996) [First pub. 1992]. "close opening". The Oxford Companion to Chess (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 83. ISBN 0-19-280049-3.
A ClosedGame (or Double Queen's Pawn Opening) is a chess opening that begins with the moves: 1. d4 d5 The move 1.d4 offers the same benefits to development...
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tending to more tactical gameplay. It is possible that an Open Game may lead to a closedgame. This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves...
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behind lines. Such a game may evolve and later become an open game. Cf. open game. See also positional play. ClosedGame A ClosedGame is a particular opening...
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and the knights typically to f3 and d2. This set-up often results in a closedgame. The London System can be used against virtually any Black defence and...
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used for any opening not beginning with 1.e4 e5 (the Open Game) or 1.d4 d5 (the ClosedGame). As opening theory has developed and openings formerly considered...
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