The London System is an opening system in chess where White opens with 1.d4 and develops the dark-squared bishop to f4, then supports the d4-pawn with pawns on e3 and c3. The other bishop is developed to d3 (or occasionally e2) and the knights typically to f3 and d2. This set-up often results in a closed game. The London System can be used against virtually any Black defence and thus comprises a smaller body of opening theory than many other openings. Although it has a reputation as a solid opening, the London System has faced criticism for its tedious nature and lack of dynamic play.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
The rapid development of the dark-squared bishop in the London System can be contrasted with the Colle System, in which the queen's bishop typically remains on c1 during the opening phase of the game.[7]
This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.
^Gallagher, Joe (1996). Beating the Anti-King's Indians. Batsford. pp. back cover, 149. ISBN 978-0713480122. Some want to bore the pants off you with [...] the London System", "[...] a favourite amongst those who disregard opening theory or those who want to bore you out of your mind.
^Cox, John (2005). Dealing with d4 Deviations. Everyman Chess. p. 8. ISBN 978-1857443998. If someone wants to play the London System, you have to recognise that the game's going to be pretty quiet for a long time.
^Dembo, Yelena (2008). Fighting the Anti-King's Indians. Everyman Chess. p. 84. ISBN 978-1857445756. White's play rather resembles some kind of solid and fairly unthreatening Slav!
^Avrukh, Boris (2013). Beating 1.d4 Sidelines. Quality Chess. p. 86. ISBN 978-1907982125. a reputation for tedium [...] Black should not have much trouble equalizing.
^Radic, Antonio (2021). Agadmator's Anti-London System. Chessable.com. [...] the typical, slow maneuvering London System games.
^Sielecki, Christof (2021). Sielecki's Queen's Gambit Declined. Chessable.com. Due to [its] rather schematic approach, the London 'enjoys' the reputation of being a dull and unambitious opening: 'It's always the same, how boring!'
^"Queen's Pawn Opening: Accelerated London System". Chess.com.
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