Scientific study of climate, defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of time
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Climatology (from Greek κλίμα, klima, "slope"; and -λογία, -logia) or climate science is the scientific study of Earth's climate, typically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of at least 30 years.[1] Climate concerns the atmospheric condition during an extended to indefinite period of time; weather is the condition of the atmosphere during a relative brief period of time. The main topics of research are the study of climate variability, mechanisms of climate changes and modern climate change.[2][3] This topic of study is regarded as part of the atmospheric sciences and a subdivision of physical geography, which is one of the Earth sciences. Climatology includes some aspects of oceanography and biogeochemistry.
The main methods employed by climatologists are the analysis of observations and modelling of the physical processes that determine climate. Short term weather forecasting can be interpreted in terms of knowledge of longer-term phenomena of climate, for instance climatic cycles such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO), the Arctic oscillation (AO), the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). Climate models are used for a variety of purposes from studying the dynamics of the weather and climate system to predictions of future climate. [4]
^Climate Prediction Center. Climate Glossary. Archived 2006-10-06 at the Wayback Machine
^"What is Climatology?". drought.unl.edu. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
^"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 October 2006. Retrieved 23 November 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) Retrieved on 23 November 2006.
^"What is Climatology?". drought.unl.edu. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
Climatology (from Greek κλίμα, klima, "slope"; and -λογία, -logia) or climate science is the scientific study of Earth's climate, typically defined as...
1175/WAF951.1. U.S. Severe Thunderstorm Climatology (NSSL) U.S. Tornado Climatology (NCDC) U.S. Tornado Climatology (University of Nebraska–Lincoln) When...
calculated by squaring the dividend of the storm's wind speed and a climatological value (33 m/s or 74 mph), and then multiplying that quantity by the...
Climatological normal or climate normal (CN) is a 30-year average of a weather variable for a given time of year. Most commonly, a CN refers to a particular...
Applied Climatology is a monthly journal published by Springer Science+Business Media which focuses on atmospheric sciences and climatology. It was established...
Urban climatology is the study of urban climate. It is a branch of climatology that concerns interactions between urban areas and the atmosphere, the effects...
Historical climatology is the study of historical changes in climate and their effect on civilization from the emergence of homininis to the present day...
season Effects of tropical cyclones China tropical cyclone rainfall climatology For storms that have affected countries in this basin: Tropical cyclones...
In climate science, a tipping point is a critical threshold that, when crossed, leads to large, accelerating and often irreversible changes in the climate...
Earth rainfall climatology Is the study of rainfall, a sub-field of meteorology. Formally, a wider study includes water falling as ice crystals, i.e....
in Dryland Areas". Retrieved 29 July 2022. Griffiths, J. F. (1985) 'Climatology', Chapter 2 in Handbook of Applied Meteorology, Edited by David D. Houghton...
the original on 2014-01-18. Retrieved 2014-01-16. NSSL Tornado ClimatologyClimatological Estimates of Local Daily Tornado Probability for the United States...
geography can be divided into many broad categories, including: Biogeography Climatology and meteorology Coastal geography Environmental management Geomorphology...
hurricanes and 3 becoming major hurricanes (Category 3 or greater). The climatological peak of activity is typically around mid-September. In April 2004, Catarina...
chemistry and atmospheric physics with a major focus on weather forecasting. Climatology is the study of atmospheric changes (both long and short-term) that define...
2009-11-19. Hand, W. H.; Cappelluti, G. (January 2011). "A global hail climatology using the UK Met Office convection diagnosis procedure (CDP) and model...
Italian: MeteoSvizzera), officially the Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, is an office of the federal administration of Switzerland. It employs...
original on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2009-04-15. Sue Ferguson (2001-09-07). "Climatology of the Interior Columbia River Basin" (PDF). Interior Columbia Basin...
The Mars Observer spacecraft, also known as the Mars Geoscience/Climatology Orbiter, was a robotic space probe launched by NASA on September 25, 1992...
approximately 150. Members and associate members of the AASC perform various climatological services and research. The current president is Lesley-Ann L. Dupigny-Giroux...
normals" as "reference points used by climatologists to compare current climatological trends to that of the past or what is considered typical. A climate...
International Journal of Climatology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research in the field of climatology. Established in 1981, the...
2016. "U.S. Tornado Climatology". NOAA. Retrieved 26 November 2016. Holden, J.; Wright, A. (2003-03-13). "UK tornado climatology and the development of...
The Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology (JAMC; formerly Journal of Applied Meteorology) is a scientific journal published by the American Meteorological...
(TorDACH) European Climatology on Severe Storms (University of the Balearic Islands) Miscellaneous Online Severe Weather Climatology for weather radar...
years 1991 – 2020, from World Bank Group, derived from raw gridded climatologies from the Climatic Research Unit. List of countries by average annual...
Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support the life...
August 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2014. Sharon E. Nicholson (2011). Dryland Climatology. Cambridge University Press. p. 367. ISBN 978-1-139-50024-1. "Cypress...
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