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Chronemics is an anthropological, philosophical, and linguistic subdiscipline that describes how time is perceived, coded, and communicated across a given culture. It is one of several subcategories to emerge from the study of nonverbal communication. According to the Encyclopedia of Special Education, "Chronemics includes time orientation, understanding and organisation, the use of and reaction to time pressures, the innate and learned awareness of time, by physically wearing or not wearing a watch, arriving, starting, and ending late or on time."[1] A person's perception and values placed on time plays a considerable role in their communication process. The use of time can affect lifestyles, personal relationships, and work life. Across cultures, people usually have different time perceptions, and this can result in conflicts between individuals. Time perceptions include punctuality, interactions, and willingness to wait.[2]
^Reynolds, Cecil R.; Vannest, Kimberly J.; Fletcher-Janzen, Elaine (2018). Encyclopedia of Special Education, Volume 3: A Reference for the Education of Children, Adolescents, and Adults Disabilities and Other Exceptional Individuals. Wiley. p. 773. ISBN 978-1-119-52002-3.
^Lateiner, Donald (2011). The Homer Encyclopedia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
late 1970s. Bruneau defined chronemics and specified the functions of time in human interactions as follows: Chronemics can be briefly and generally...
uk". Archived from the original on 2012-05-27. Retrieved 2012-07-03. "Chronemics in Communication". Archived from the original on 2023-10-20. Retrieved...
communication. They include kinesics, proxemics, haptics, paralanguage, chronemics, and physical appearance. Kinesics studies the role of bodily behavior...
Differences can even be based on how cultures perceive the passage of time. Chronemics, how people handle time, can be categorized in two ways: polychronic which...
haptics (touch), kinesics (body movement), vocalics (paralanguage), and chronemics (structure of time). Edward T. Hall, the cultural anthropologist who coined...
conveyed through kinesics, proxemics, physical appearance and artifacts, and chronemics. Kinesics is a complex method in communicating dominance and status through...
order to promote deeper focus and productivity. Attention management Chronemics Goal setting Interruption science Order Procrastination Professional organizing...
individualism versus collectivism, masculinity versus femininity, and Chronemics. Intracultural miscommunication draws on the fact that all humans subconsciously...
sequence of a vowel and consonant: /aj/. For the purposes of analysis of a chronemic contrast, two words with different meaning that are spoken exactly the...
communicator's reward value will mediate the perceptions of the deviation." Chronemic studies on email have shown that in organizations, responder status played...
vocal. Each cue relates to one or more forms of nonverbal communication: Chronemics – the study of time Haptics – the study of touch Kinesics – the study...
and the time to think, making sure they say the perfect response. Thus, chronemics is the only verbal clue available to digital communications. With the...
modification of impression is limited to "language, typographic, and chronemic information." Deindividuation is a social psychology theory being generally...
kinesics (facial expressions and receptive contact from others); and chronemics (time spent with someone else or waiting for someone). All these nonverbal...
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