Chondrosteus acipenseroides fossil from Teylers Museum, Haarlem
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Actinopterygii
Order:
†Chondrosteiformes
Family:
†Chondrosteidae
Genus:
†Chondrosteus Egerton, 1858 (ex Agassiz, 1834)
Species:
†C. acipenseroides
Binomial name
†Chondrosteus acipenseroides
Egerton, 1858 (ex Agassiz, 1834)
Synonyms
†C. crassior Egerton, 1858
†C. pachyurus Egerton, 1858
Chondrosteus is a genus of extinct marine actinopterygian (ray-finned fish) belonging to the family Chondrosteidae. It lived during the Hettangian and Sinemurian (early Early Jurassic) in what is now England.[1]Chondrosteus is related to sturgeons and paddlefishes as part of the clade Acipenseriformes, and is one of the earliest known definitive members of the group.[2] Similar to sturgeons, the jaws of Chondrosteus were free from the rest of the skull (projectile jaw system). Its scale cover was reduced to the upper lobe of the caudal fin like in paddlefish.[3]
It is represented by a single species, C. acipenseroides, from the Blue Lias of Lyme Regis. This species was first mentioned by Louis Agassiz in 1834, but was not officially described until 24 years later by Philip Grey Egerton, who used Agassiz's original name for the taxon.[4][5] The species C. crassior Egerton, 1858 and C. pachyurus Egerton, 1858 differ from C. acipenseroides only in size and ossification of plates, and likely only represent ontogenic growth stages of C. acipenseroides. The only known Chondrosteus specimens outside of Lyme Regis are a poorly-preserved specimen from Barrow-on-Soar and a Hettangian-aged post-cranial skeleton from Watchet in a private collection, which represents the oldest record of the genus.[2]
The species Chondrosteus hindenburgi from the Toarcian (late Early Jurassic) of Germany was reallocated to the genus Strongylosteus. Although some authors have suggested that the latter might be a junior synonym of Chondrosteus, there are no recent comparative studies on these two genera.[3]
Restoration of Chondrosteus acipenseroides
^"Chondrosteus". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved March 16, 2012.
^ abHilton, Eric J.; Forey, Peter L. (2009). "Redescription of †Chondrosteus acipenseroides Egerton, 1858 (Acipenseriformes, †Chondrosteidae) from the lower Lias of Lyme Regis (Dorset, England), with comments on the early evolution of sturgeons and paddlefishes". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 7 (4): 427–453. Bibcode:2009JSPal...7..427H. doi:10.1017/S1477201909002740. S2CID 86821521.
^ abBemis, William E.; Findeis, Eric K.; Grande, Lance (1997). "An overview of Acipenseriformes". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 48 (1–4): 25–71. Bibcode:1997EnvBF..48...25B. doi:10.1023/A:1007370213924. S2CID 24961905.
^Agassiz, Louis (1833). Recherches sur les poissons fossiles (in French). Imprimerie de Petitpierre.
^Hornung, Jahn J.; Sachs, Sven (2020-01-22). "First record of Gyrosteus mirabilis (Actinopterygii, Chondrosteidae) from the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) of the Baltic region". PeerJ. 8: e8400. doi:10.7717/peerj.8400. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 6982408. PMID 32002331.
junior synonym of Chondrosteus, there are no recent comparative studies on these two genera. Paleontology portal fish portal "Chondrosteus". Paleobiology...
Egerton, 1858 (Also placed in the separate order Chondrosteiformes) Genus †Chondrosteus Agassiz, 1833–1844 Genus †Gyrosteus Agassiz, 1833–1844 Genus †Strongylosteus...
to 1 tonne. Strongylosteus has been suggested as a junior synonym of Chondrosteus, although there haven't been any new revisions about the status of the...
order Chondrosteiformes within the Chondrostei. Three genera are known, Chondrosteus, Gyrosteus, and Strongylosteus. Included species were of large size,...
ornatus An enigmatic basal actinopterygian Holophagus H. gulo A coelacanth Chondrosteus C. acipenseroides A chondrosteid acipenseriform fish, related to sturgeon...
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