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The worn state of many pages is evidence of continuous use throughout centuries.
Chludov Psalter (Russian: Хлудовская псалтырь; Moscow, Hist. Mus. MS. D.129) is an illuminated marginal Psalter made in the middle of the 9th Century. It is a unique monument of Byzantine art at the time of the Iconoclasm, one of only three illuminated Byzantine Psalters to survive from the 9th century.
According to one tradition, the miniatures are supposed to have been created clandestinely, and many of them are directed against Iconoclasts. Many contain explanations of the drawings written next to them, and little arrows point out from the main text to the illustration, to show which line the picture refers to. The polemical style of the whole ensemble is highly unusual, and a demonstration of the furious passions the Iconoclast dispute generated.
The psalter measures 195 mm by 150 mm and contains only 169 folios. The outer edges of the pages are normally left blank in order to be covered with illustrations. The text and captions were written in a diminutive uncial script, but many of these were rewritten in crude minuscule about three centuries later. The book contains the Psalms in the arrangement of the Septuagint, and the responses to be chanted during their recitation, which follow the Liturgy of Hagia Sophia, the Imperial church in Constantinople.
In the illustration to the right, the miniaturist illustrated the line "They gave me gall to eat; and when I was thirsty they gave me vinegar to drink" with a picture of a soldier offering Christ vinegar on a sponge attached to a pole. Below is a picture of the last Iconoclast Patriarch of Constantinople, John the Grammarian rubbing out a painting of Christ with a similar sponge attached to a pole. John is caricatured, here as on other pages, with untidy straight hair sticking out in all directions, which was considered ridiculous by the elegant Byzantines.
Nikodim Kondakov hypothesized that the psalter was created in the famous monastery of St John the Studite in Constantinople. Other scholars believe that the liturgical responses it contains were only used in Hagia Sophia, and that it was therefore a product of the Imperial workshops in Constantinople, soon after the return of the Iconophiles to power in 843.
It was kept at Mount Athos until 1847, when a Russian scholar stole it and brought it to Moscow. The psalter was then acquired by Aleksey Khludov, whose name it bears today. It passed as part of the Khludov bequest to the Nikolsky Old Believer Monastery and then to the State Historical Museum.
ChludovPsalter (Russian: Хлудовская псалтырь; Moscow, Hist. Mus. MS. D.129) is an illuminated marginal Psalter made in the middle of the 9th Century...
More Psalter Vespasian Psalter, 2nd quarter of the 8th century Montpellier PsalterChludovPsalter, 3rd quarter of the 9th century Southampton Psalter Utrecht...
between miniature and text to indicate the passage intended (compare the ChludovPsalter). Sometimes the meaning of the illustration is explained in long notes...
pages. This is the case of the Chludovpsalter and the Theodore Psalter dated 1066 (BL, Add.19352). The aristocratic psalters are, on the contrary, large...
the Pantokrator Psalter: An Unpublished Miniature, Some Restored Losses, and Observations on the Relationship with the ChludovPsalter and Paris Fragment...
numbering as Psalm 136) is a part of the Nineteenth Kathisma (division of the Psalter) and is read at Matins on Friday mornings throughout the year, except during...
in the form of a ring or circle) to the later anthropomorphic. Chludov's Novgorod Psalter of the late 13th century contains a miniature depicting two women...
(Psalter of Lothaire) Montpellier, Bibliothèque de l'université, 409 (Montpellier Psalter) Moscow, State Historical Museum, MS D. 29 (ChludovPsalter)...
of placing most illustrations in inhabited initials. The Byzantine ChludovPsalter represents a comparable tradition in the East (Hinks, 115–119), and...
Constantinople trampling on John VII of Constantinople. Miniature from ChludovPsalter. Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Born c. 758 Constantinople...
Folio from the 9th century iconophile ChludovPsalter, likening the iconoclasts, shown painting over an image of Christ, with the soldiers who crucified...
Moscow, State Historical Museum (GIM), part of the Book of Prologue at the Chludov collection (14th century) Six of them had been written in scriptoria of...
tituli, stand between the windows. Similar images are found in the ChludovPsalter and elsewhere. However, in this case the etimasia did not become part...
now residing in Venice, Vatican City, and Moscow (e.g., ChludovPsalter). The Theodore Psalter, created at the monastery in the twelfth century is in the...
This page of the iconodule ChludovPsalter illustrates the line "They gave me gall to eat; and when I was thirsty they gave me vinegar to drink" with...
from an Icon Frame. Constantinople, c.1100. Byzantine iconoclasm. ChludovPsalter, Constantinople, c. 800. During the Renaissance, the Church sponsored...
Theodore Psalter and the appearance of the image of a pelican, " Where both the Chludov (Moscow, Historical Museum, 129d) and the Barberini Psalters show...
a significant artwork as well as a notable work of literature. The ChludovPsalter dating from the 14th century is beautifully decorated and was probably...
uncertain dating younger) Part VII: 2001–3000 (medieval small fragments psalter [to the eighth century] BCE) Part VIII: 3001–5000 (medieval manuscripts...
Musicological Review, Vol. 1. Yerevan: 159–175. (2003) “On the Origin of ChludovPsalter.” Early Russian Art. The Art of Manuscript Book Writing. Byzantium...
This page of the iconodule ChludovPsalter illustrates the line "They gave me gall to eat; and when I was thirsty they gave me vinegar to drink" with...
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