Chinese Student Protection Act of 1992 information
US law easing residency for Chinese students
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Chinese Student Protection Act of 1992
Long title
An Act to provide for the adjustment of status under the Immigration and Nationality Act of certain nationals of the People's Republic of China unless conditions permit their return in safety to that foreign state.
Acronyms (colloquial)
CSPA
Nicknames
Chinese Student Protection Act of 1991
Enacted by
the 102nd United States Congress
Effective
October 9, 1992
Citations
Public law
102-404
Statutes at Large
106 Stat. 1969
Codification
Titles amended
8 U.S.C.: Aliens and Nationality
U.S.C. sections amended
8 U.S.C. ch. 12, subch. II § 1255
Legislative history
Introduced in the Senate as S. 1216 by Slade Gorton (R–WA) on June 4, 1991
Committee consideration by Senate Judiciary, House Judiciary
Passed the Senate on May 21, 1992 (passed voice vote)
Passed the House on August 10, 1992 (agreed voice vote) with amendment
Senate agreed to House amendment on September 23, 1992 (agreed voice vote)
Signed into law by President George H. W. Bush on October 9, 1992
Prior to the Chinese Student Protection Act of 1992 (CSPA), President George H.W Bush issued Executive Order 12711 in 1990. This policy implementation was solidified by the actual Act in 1992. The Act's main sponsors were Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) for the House of Representatives and Senator Slade Gorton (R-WA) for the Senate. The Chinese Student Protection Act of 1992 was passed on May 21, 1992, by the Senate, and passed by the House of Representatives on August 10, 1992. President George H. W. Bush signed it into law on October 9, 1992. The Chinese Student Protection Act became Public Law 102-404, 106 Stat. 1969.
The Chinese Student Protection Act established permanent residence for Chinese nationals that came to the United States from June 5, 1989, to April 11, 1990. The Act was targeted towards students. The CSPA was prompted by the political repression the Chinese faced after the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. Chinese students who were in the United States during the time of the protests participated in TV interviews, demonstration rallies, and were featured in newspaper articles. Chinese nationals were eligible to apply for permanent residency, even with expired passports. Over the years, the Act granted green cards to an estimated number of 54,000 Chinese nationals.[1]
The green cards were called "blood cards" by the Chinese, as a “pejorative term for the green cards awarded to their countrymen who, by virtue of their presence in the U.S. at the time, were eligible for the Chinese Student Protection Act.”[2]
^See Offset in the Per-Country Numerical Level for China-Mainland Born Immigrant Visas in FY 2007 annual report.
^Orrenius, Pia; Zavodny, Madeline; Kerr, Emily (January 2012), Chinese Immigrants in the U.S. Labor Market: Effects of Post-Tiananmen Immigration Policy (IZA DP No. 6287)(PDF), Discussion Paper Series, Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit (Institute for the Study of Labor [IZA]), p. 26, retrieved April 28, 2018
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