Chikunda, sometimes rendered as Achicunda, was the name given from the 18th century onwards to the slave-warriors of the Afro-Portuguese estates known as Prazos in Zambezia, Mozambique. They were used to defend the prazos and police their inhabitants. Many of the chikunda were originally chattel slaves, raised to the status of soldiers, traders or administrators of parts of the prazo as a client or unfree dependent.
The prazo system based on agriculture broke down as a result of drought and disease in the early 19th century and was replaced by a small number of virtually independent states in the Zambezi valley that were based on the trade in slaves and ivory. The name ‘’’Achikunda’’’ was then applied to groups of professional soldiers in these minor states, who were rewarded with a share of the profits of those trades. Although these minor states were mainly in Mozambique, a small number extended their influence into what are now parts of Zambia and Malawi.
The minor states in and around the Zambezi River valley were brought under closer Portuguese control as a result of the Scramble for Africa, which required colonial powers to bring territories they claimed under their jurisdiction, the doctrine of "effective occupation". Between 1891 and 1902, the Mozambique Company took control of this area and the former roles of the chikunda in securing slaves and ivory and providing internal and external security for those states became redundant, although many ex-chikunda were involved in the Barue uprising of 1917 to 1918 against the Portuguese government. A few communities along the Zambezi and Luangwa river valleys preserve their chikunda heritage, although most former chikunda have merged into their host communities.
Chikunda, sometimes rendered as Achicunda, was the name given from the 18th century onwards to the slave-warriors of the Afro-Portuguese estates known...
Kunda (Chikunda) is a Bantu language of Zimbabwe, with a some thousands of speakers in Zambia and Mozambique. There is an extinct pidgin Chikunda once used...
tribes arranged in alphabetical order: Ambo Aushi Bemba Bisa Bwile Chewa Chikunda Cishinga Chokwe Goba Ila Imilangu Ngoni Iwa Kabende Kaonde Kosa Kunda Kwandi...
population by armies of these enslaved men, whose members became known as Chikunda. Continuing emigration from Portugal occurred at comparatively low levels...
during July, the Dantho festival is celebrated in Luangwa District by the Chikunda tribe during September and the Chakwela Makumbi festival celebrated in...
Sabuni Francoise Chikunda (born 1970 or 1971) is a Congolese torture survivor, refugee, activist, teacher, and organisation founder, based in Uganda. She...
expert elephant hunters and were known as the Chikunda. After the decline of the Portuguese the Chikunda made their way to Zambia. It is hypothesised by...
military/economic support, the main source of power for the Prazeiros were their large Chikunda armies which consisted primarily of captured slaves. These armies were...
were a war zone, with Portuguese soldiers and their slaves fighting the Chikunda slave-hunters of Matakenya (Mariano), but both sides accepted the expedition...
(N21) Tonga language (Malawi) (N15) Chewa (Nyanja) (N31) Sena group (N40): Chikunda-Nyungwe (N42, N43), Sena (incl. Podzo, Rue) (N44) The poorly known Mwera...
(Motembo or Litembo – distinguish Kitembo), C372 Kunda (Likunda – distinguish Chikunda), C373 Gbuta (Egbuta) and C374 Babale. Only Litembo, with 5,000 speakers...
by the King as a reward for their services. Commanding vast armies of chikunda warrior-slaves, these men acted as feudal-like lords, either levying tax...
("the ferocious"). Kanyemba began assembling a private army known as the Chikunda in the 1870s and settled in the region of Bawa, two hundred kilometers...
African Indian centres defended by large African slave armies known as Chikunda. Historically, within Mozambique, there was slavery. Human beings were...
African Indian centres defended by large African slave armies known as Chikunda. Historically within Mozambique there was slavery. Human beings were bought...
Zambia of Zambia. They number approximately at 250,000 people. They speak Chikunda, a Bantu language closely related to Bisa and Nsenga. Most Kunda live on...
alliance with several local chiefs opposed to the chikunda. Although the Maganja da Costa chikunda resisted, their armaments were out of date and they...
Luzi of the Luangwa valley in Chief Nyalugwe, Mboloma and Lwembe and the Chikunda of Luangwa Boma (Feira). Their Senior Chief is Kalindawalo M'ndikula, who...
Italy 2019 Middle East Abeer Khreisha Jordan 2020 Africa Sabuni Francoise Chikunda Democratic Republic of the Congo 2020 Asia Rozma Ghafouri Afghanistan...
were a war zone, with Portuguese soldiers and their slaves fighting the Chikunda slave-hunters of Matakenya (Mariano), but both sides accepted the expedition...
1938-1961 (Heinemann, 1996). Slavery and Beyond: The Making of Men and Chikunda Ethnic Identity in the Unstable World of South Central Africa, 1750-1920...
Slave-raiding was rife in Mashukulumbwe, with gangs of Arab, Portuguese and mixed Chikunda-Portuguese ethnicity competing for the capture of local Baila and Batonga...
Cameroons Medical Department. Chief Mburuma, Senior Chief of the Senga-Chikunda Native Authority, Northern Rhodesia. Benedict Robert Miles. For public...
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