Perceived support of Checheno-Ingush Supreme Soviet for 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt
Chechen nationalism
Goals
Resignation of ruling Communist Party officials from the Supreme Soviet
Methods
Widespread demonstrations, Civil disobedience, occupation of administrative buildings
Resulted in
Resignation of the Supreme Soviet
New elections
Election of Dzhokhar Dudayev as President
Declaration of Sovereignty of the Chechen Republic
Parties
All-National Congress of the Chechen People
National Guard
/ Russian SFSR
Checheno-Ingush ASSR
Supreme Soviet of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR
Chechen MVD
Chechen KGB
Lead figures
Dzhokhar Dudayev Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev
/ Ruslan Khasbulatov / Aslambek Aslakhanov
Doku Zavgayev
The Chechen Revolution was a series of anti-government protests in the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic against the local Communist Party officials.
The event occurred during the Dissolution of the Soviet Union and was brought by the failed 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt against Mikhail Gorbachev intended to save the Union from collapse. While the coup was opposed by many union republics, including Russia, local Soviet Chechen leadership was seen as supporting the coup, which triggered demonstrations and calls to resign from anti-Soviet and nationalist opposition led by All-National Congress of the Chechen People and its chairman Dzhokhar Dudayev. Russian leader Boris Yeltsin, who played the crucial role in the failure of the coup and subsequently emerged as a dominant leader, also turned against the local Soviet Chechen leadership of Doku Zavgayev.
The chain of events led to the collapse of Zavgayev's authority and assumption of power by the Provisional Supreme Soviet consisting of Dudayev's supporters and former Communist Party members. However, the subsequent confrontation between the Russian leadership and Dudayev's supporters led to Dudayev's faction withdrawing from the Provisional Supreme Soviet and declaring the National Congress as a sole legitimate authority in the republic. The snap elections were held and Dudayev declared Chechnya's independence from Russia, which ushered the republic into a decade of de facto but internationally unrecognized self-rule.
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