Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush information
1944 Soviet ethnic cleansing and genocide
Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush
Part of Population transfer in the Soviet Union, Chechen genocide, and World War II
Destinations of the resettled Chechens and Ingush inside the Soviet Union
Location
North Caucasus
Date
23 February – March 1944
Target
Expulsion and resettlement of Vainakh populations
Attack type
Genocide, population transfer, ethnic cleansing, massacre, starvation
Deaths
123,000–200,000 Chechens and Ingush, or between 1/4 and 1/3 of their total population (Chechen sources claim 400,000 died)[1]
Victims
496,000 to 650,000[1] Chechens and Ingush deported to forced settlements in the Soviet Union
Perpetrators
NKVD, the Soviet secret police
Motive
Russification,[2] cheap labor for forced settlements in the Soviet Union[3]
Part of a series on
Forced population transfer in the Soviet Union
Policies
Dekulakization
Evacuation
Forced settlements
Gulag
Peoples
Azerbaijanis from Armenia
Balkars
Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
Chechens and Ingush
Chinese
Crimean Tatars
Estonians
Germans
from Romania
Greeks
NKVD operation
Ingrian Finns
Kalmyks
Karachays
Koreans
Kurds from Transcaucasia
Latvians
NKVD operation
Lithuanians
Meskhetian Turks
Poles
1944–1946
1955–1959
Between Poland and Soviet Ukraine
Between Poland and Soviet Belarus
Between Poland and Soviet Lithuania
Operations
June deportation
German–Soviet population transfers
Operation North
Operation Osen
Operation Priboi
Operation Vesna
Operation Vistula
WWII POW labor
POW Administration
Japanese
Germans
Hungarians
Romanians
Massive labor force transfers
Twenty-five-thousanders
NKVD labor columns
Virgin Lands campaign
v
t
e
v
t
e
Chechen–Russian conflict
Tsardom of Russia
Murat Kuchukov Movement
Russian Empire
Insurgency in Chechnya (1722)
Insurgency in Chechnya (1732)
Sheikh Mansur Movement
Caucasian War
Murid War
Soviet Union
1940–1944 insurgency
Operation Lentil
Anti-Chechen pogrom in Kazakhstan
Chechen–Slav ethnic clashes
Grozny riots
Russian Federation
First Chechen War
War in Dagestan
Second Chechen War
War in Ingushetia
Insurgency in the North Caucasus
The deportation of the Chechens and Ingush (Chechen: До́хадар, Махках дахар, romanized: Doxadar, Maxkax daxar,[4][5][6][7] Ingush: Мехках дахар), or Ardakhar Genocide (Chechen: Ардахар Махках, romanized: Ardaxar Maxkax), and also known as Operation Lentil (Russian: Чечевица, romanized: Chechevitsa; Chechen: нохчий а, гӀалгӀай а махкахбахар, romanized: noxçiy ə, ġalġay ə maxkaxbaxar), was the Soviet forced transfer of the whole of the Vainakh (Chechen and Ingush) populations of the North Caucasus to Central Asia on 23 February 1944, during World War II. The expulsion was ordered by NKVD chief Lavrentiy Beria after approval by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, as a part of a Soviet forced settlement program and population transfer that affected several million members of ethnic minorities in the Soviet Union between the 1930s and the 1950s.
The deportation was prepared from at least October 1943 and 19,000 officers as well as 100,000 NKVD soldiers from all over the USSR participated in this operation. The deportation encompassed their entire nations, as well as the liquidation of the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The demographic consequences of this eviction were catastrophic and far-reaching: of the 496,000 Chechens and Ingush who were deported (according to Soviet archives; Chechen sources put the deportees at 650,000[1]), at least a quarter died. In total, the archive records show that over a hundred thousand people died or were killed during the round-ups and transportation, and during their early years in exile in the Kazakh and Kyrgyz SSR as well as Russian SFSR where they were sent to the many forced settlements. Chechen sources claim that 400,000 died, while presuming a higher number of deportees.[1] A higher percentage of Chechens were killed than any other ethnic group persecuted by population transfer in the Soviet Union.[8] Chechens were under administrative supervision of the NKVD officials during that entire time.
The exile lasted for 13 years and the survivors would not return to their native lands until 1957, after the new Soviet authorities under Nikita Khrushchev reversed many of Stalin's policies, including the deportations of nations. A local report indicated that some 432,000 Vainakhs had resettled to the Chechen-Ingush ASSR by 1961, though they faced many obstacles while trying to settle back to the Caucasus, including unemployment, lack of accommodation and ethnic clashes with the local Russian population. Eventually, the Chechens and Ingush recovered and regained the majority of the population. This eviction left a permanent scar in the memory of the survivors and their descendants. February 23 is today remembered as a day of tragedy by most of Ingushs and Chechens. Many in Chechnya and Ingushetia classify it as an act of genocide, as did the European Parliament in 2004.
^ abcdChanturiya, Kazbek (23 February 2017). "After 73 years, the memory of Stalin's deportation of Chechens and Ingush still haunts the survivors". OC Media. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
^Martin 2001, p. 326.
^Pohl 1999, p. 48.
^"Къам дохорх лаьцна дийцар берашна а дихкинера Нохчийчохь". Маршо Радио (in Chechen). 24 February 2014. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
^"Нохчийчохь долу хьал гайтаран куьзга ду Кутаев Руслан лаьцна латтор". Маршо Радио (in Chechen). 2 July 2014. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
^""Хьахон мел дихки а, дазло и къематде"". Маршо Радио (in Chechen). 23 February 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
^Хь. Даудова (25 February 2020). ""Хуьлуш лаьтташехь бакъхила йиш яц аьлла хетара…"". Даймохк (in Chechen). Retrieved 21 January 2021.
^Ther 2014, p. 118.
and 26 Related for: Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush information
whereas thedeportationoftheChechensandIngush was recognized as genocide by the European Parliament, respectively. On 26 April 1991 the Supreme Soviet...
to thedeportationoftheChechensandIngush, the population was mostly made up ofIngush (28132 out of 33753). In 1944, with thedeportationofthe Chechens...
who initiated the Genocide Convention, assumed that genocide was perpetrated in the context ofthe mass deportationoftheChechens, Ingush, Volga Germans...
similarities. These are chiefly the ethnic Chechen (including theChechen sub-ethnos, the Kists, in Georgia), Ingushand Bats peoples ofthe North Caucasus, including...
TheChechens (/ˈtʃɛtʃɛnz, tʃəˈtʃɛnz/ CHETCH-enz, chə-CHENZ; Chechen: Нохчий, Noxçiy, Old Chechen: Нахчой, Naxçoy), historically also known as Kisti and...
The history of Chechnya may refer to the history oftheChechens, of their land Chechnya, or ofthe land of Ichkeria. Chechen society has traditionally...
"in the early years of their exile about half oftheChechensandIngush died from hunger, cold and disease". Thedeportation was classified by the European...
began, the total deportationofChechensandIngush to Central Asia, which became the largest and most brutal ethnic deportation in the history ofthe USSR...
context ofthe mass deportationoftheChechens, Ingush, Volga Germans, Crimean Tatars, Kalmyks and Karachay. Some academics disagree with the classification...
1944 Idris entered the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. During theDeportationoftheChechensandIngush on 23 February 1944 Idris ended up in Kyrgyz...
these deportations an example of Soviet assimilation and re-education of "stigmatized people". DeportationoftheChechensandIngushDeportationofthe Meskhetian...
000 IngushandChechens died (3,000 before deportation, 10,000 during deportation, and 100,000 after resettlement) in the first three years ofthe resettlement...
Ichkeria, and also known as Chechnya, was a de facto state that controlled most ofthe former Checheno-Ingush ASSR. The First Chechen War of 1994–1996...
Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Oblast was elevated into an ASSR and subordinated to Moscow. Following the en masse deportationoftheChechensandIngush, on 7...
result ofthedeportationoftheChechensandIngush in 1944. In 1960, Maksharip, together with his family, returned to Grozny. In 1962 he entered the Faculty...