Not to be confused with Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.
Charles V
Contemporary gisant of Charles aged 27[1]
King of France
(more...)
Reign
8 April 1364 – 16 September 1380
Coronation
19 May 1364
Predecessor
John II
Successor
Charles VI
Regent of France
Regency
1356-1360
Monarch
John II
Born
21 January 1338 Vincennes, France
Died
16 September 1380(1380-09-16) (aged 42) Beauté-sur-Marne, France
Burial
26 September 1380
Saint Denis Basilica
Spouse
Joanna of Bourbon
(m. 1350; died 1378)
Issue more...
Charles VI, King of France
Louis I, Duke of Orléans
Catherine, Countess of Montpensier
Jean de Montagu (ill.)
House
Valois
Father
John II of France
Mother
Bonne of Bohemia
Charles V[a] (21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380), called the Wise (French: le Sage; Latin: Sapiens), was King of France from 1364 to his death in 1380. His reign marked an early high point for France during the Hundred Years' War as his armies recovered much of the territory held by the English and successfully reversed the military losses of his predecessors.
Charles became regent of France when his father John II was captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356. To pay for the defense of the kingdom, Charles raised taxes. As a result, he faced hostility from the nobility, led by Charles the Bad, King of Navarre; the opposition of the French bourgeoisie, which was channeled through the Estates-General led by Étienne Marcel; and with a peasant revolt known as the Jacquerie. Charles overcame all of these rebellions, but in order to liberate his father, he had to conclude the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360, in which he abandoned large portions of south-western France to Edward III of England and agreed to pay a huge ransom.
Charles became king in 1364. With the help of talented advisers, his skillful management of the kingdom allowed him to replenish the royal treasury and to restore the prestige of the House of Valois. He established the first permanent army paid with regular wages, which liberated the French populace from the companies of routiers who regularly plundered the country when not employed. Led by Bertrand du Guesclin, the French Army was able to turn the tide of the Hundred Years' War to Charles' advantage, and by the end of Charles' reign, they had reconquered almost all the territories ceded to the English in 1360. Furthermore, the French fleet, led by Jean de Vienne, managed to attack the English coast for the first time since the beginning of the Hundred Years' War.
Charles V died in 1380. He was succeeded by his son Charles VI, whose disastrous reign allowed the English to regain control of large parts of France.
^"Basilica of Saint-Denis Official Website" (in French). Retrieved 14 December 2020.
^Brunel, Ghislain (2007). "Les cisterciens et Charles V". Société de l'histoire de France: 79. JSTOR 23408518.
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