American thinker who founded pragmatism (1839–1914)
Charles Sanders Peirce
Peirce in 1891
Born
(1839-09-10)September 10, 1839
Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died
April 19, 1914(1914-04-19) (aged 74)
Milford, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Alma mater
Harvard University
Relatives
Benjamin Peirce (father)
Era
Late modern philosophy
Region
Western philosophy
School
Pragmatism Pragmaticism
Institutions
Johns Hopkins University
Notable students
List
John Dewey
Fabian Franklin[7]
Benjamin Ives Gilman
Joseph Jastrow
Christine Ladd
Allan Marquand
Josiah Royce
Thorstein Veblen[7]
Main interests
Logic
mathematics
statistics[1][2]
philosophy
metrology[3]
chemistry
experimental psychology[4]
economics[5]
linguistics[6]
history of science
Philosophical logic
metaphysics
epistemology
Signature
Part of a series on
Charles Sanders Peirce
Bibliography
Pragmatism in epistemology
Abductive reasoning
Fallibilism
Pragmaticism
as maxim
as theory of truth
Community of inquiry
Logic
Continuous predicate
Peirce's law
Entitative graph in Qualitative logic
Existential graph
Functional completeness
Logic gate
Logic of information
Logical graph
Logical NOR
Second-order logic
Trikonic
Type-token distinction
Semiotic theory
Indexicality
Interpretant
Semiosis
Sign relation
Universal rhetoric
Miscellaneous contributions
Agapism
Bell triangle
Categories
Phaneron
Synechism
Tychism
Classification of sciences
Listing number
Quincuncial projection
Biographical
Joseph Morton Ransdell
Allan Marquand
Juliette Peirce
Charles Santiago Sanders Peirce
Roberta Kevelson
Christine Ladd-Franklin
Victoria, Lady Welby
The Metaphysical Club
book
Peirce Geodetic Monument
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Charles Sanders Peirce (/pɜːrs/[8][9]PURSS; September 10, 1839 – April 19, 1914) was an American scientist, mathematician, logician, and philosopher who is sometimes known as "the father of pragmatism".[10][11] According to philosopher Paul Weiss, Peirce was "the most original and versatile of America's philosophers and America's greatest logician".[12] Bertrand Russell wrote "he was one of the most original minds of the later nineteenth century and certainly the greatest American thinker ever".
Educated as a chemist and employed as a scientist for thirty years, Peirce meanwhile made major contributions to logic, such as theories of relations and quantification. C. I. Lewis wrote, "The contributions of C. S. Peirce to symbolic logic are more numerous and varied than those of any other writer—at least in the nineteenth century." For Peirce, logic also encompassed much of what is now called epistemology and the philosophy of science. He saw logic as the formal branch of semiotics or study of signs, of which he is a founder, which foreshadowed the debate among logical positivists and proponents of philosophy of language that dominated 20th-century Western philosophy. Peirce's study of signs also included a tripartite theory of predication.
Additionally, he defined the concept of abductive reasoning, as well as rigorously formulating mathematical induction and deductive reasoning. He was one of the founders of statistics. As early as 1886, he saw that logical operations could be carried out by electrical switching circuits. The same idea was used decades later to produce digital computers.[13]
In metaphysics, Peirce was an "objective idealist" in the tradition of German philosopher Immanuel Kant as well as a scholastic realist about universals. He also held a commitment to the ideas of continuity and chance as real features of the universe, views he labeled synechism and tychism respectively. Peirce believed an epistemic fallibilism and anti-skepticism went along with these views.
^Hacking, Ian (1990). The Taming of Chance. A Universe of Chance. Cambridge University Press. pp. 200–215. ISBN 978-0-52138884-9.
^Stigler, Stephen M. (1978). "Mathematical statistics in the early States". Annals of Statistics. 6 (2): 239–265 [248]. doi:10.1214/aos/1176344123. JSTOR 2958876. MR 0483118.
^Crease, Robert P. (2009). "Charles Sanders Peirce and the first absolute measurement standard". Physics Today. 62 (12): 39–44. Bibcode:2009PhT....62l..39C. doi:10.1063/1.3273015. S2CID 121338356. Archived from the original on 2013-01-12. In his brilliant but troubled life, Peirce was a pioneer in both metrology and philosophy.
^Cadwallader, Thomas C. (1974). "Charles S. Peirce (1839–1914): The first American experimental psychologist". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. 10 (3): 291–298. doi:10.1002/1520-6696(197407)10:3<291::AID-JHBS2300100304>3.0.CO;2-N. PMID 11609224.
^Wible, James R. (December 2008). "The economic mind of Charles Sanders Peirce". Contemporary Pragmatism. Vol. 5, no. 2. pp. 39–67.
^Nöth, Winfried (2000). "Charles Sanders Peirce, Pathfinder in Linguistics". Nöth, Winfried (2000). "Digital Encyclopedia of Charles S. Peirce".
^ abCite error: The named reference grads was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Peirce", in the case of C. S. Peirce, always rhymes with the English-language word "terse" and so, in most dialects, is pronounced exactly like the English-language word "purseⓘ."
^"Note on the Pronunciation of 'Peirce'". Peirce Project Newsletter. Vol. 1, no. 3–4. December 1994. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
^Weiss, Paul (1934). "Peirce, Charles Sanders". Dictionary of American Biography. Arisbe. Archived from the original on 2013-11-03. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
^Weiss, Paul (1934). "Peirce, Charles Sanders". Dictionary of American Biography. Internet Archive.
^Peirce, Charles Sanders (1886). "Letter, Peirce to A. Marquand". Writings of Charles S. Peirce. Indiana University Press. pp. 5:541–543. ISBN 978-0-25337201-7. See Burks, Arthur W. (1978). "Charles S. Peirce, The new elements of mathematics" (PDF). Book Review. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. Eprint. 84 (5): 913–918. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1978-14533-9. Also Houser, Nathan. "Introduction". Writings of Charles S. Peirce. Vol. 5. p. xliv.
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existence. The American philosopher CharlesSandersPeirce was quite influenced by Scotus. Here is a statement of Peirce's interpretation of Scotistic Realism...
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