This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations.(October 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Chanak Crisis
Part of the Turkish War of Independence
British pilots of 203 Squadron look on as ground personnel service the engine of one of the squadron's Nieuport Nightjar fighters whilst detached to Gallipoli, Turkey, in 1922
Date
September – October 1922
Location
Çanakkale, Turkey
Result
Turkish victory
British withdrawal from Anatolia
Armistice of Mudanya
British prime minister David Lloyd George resigns
Treaty of Lausanne
Allied evacuation of Constantinople
Canada exercises political autonomy from Britain
Belligerents
Ankara Government
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Greece
Commanders and leaders
Mustafa Kemal Pasha
İsmet Pasha
Fevzi Pasha
Fahrettin Pasha
David Lloyd George
Winston Churchill
Raymond Poincaré
Units involved
V Cavalry Corps
Occupation forces
Strength
28,000
All Allied forces in Istanbul and Çanakkale[1]
27,419
19,069
3,992
795
Total: c. 51,300 soldiers (411 machine guns, 57 artillery pieces)
(French and Italian forces withdrew as soon as the ultimatum was delivered.)
Casualties and losses
None
None
v
t
e
Turkish War of Independence
Greco-Turkish War
1st Smyrna
Occupation
Urla
Malgaç
Bergama
Erbeyli
Erikli
Tellidede
Aydın
Akbaş
1920 Summer Offensive
Gediz
1st İnönü
2nd İnönü
Kütahya–Eskişehir
Sakarya
Great Offensive
Dumlupınar
2nd Smyrna
Turkish–Armenian War
Oltu
Sarikamish
Kars
Alexandropol
Franco-Turkish War
Marash
Urfa
Aintab
Karboğazı
Kaç Kaç
Kovanbaşı
Kanlıgeçit
Fadıl
Revolts
Ahmet Anzavur
İzmit
Geyve
Yozgat
Konya
Koçgiri
Naval
Samsun
Other
Şehzadebaşı raid
Chanak Crisis
The Chanak Crisis (Turkish: Çanakkale Krizi), also called the Chanak Affair and the Chanak Incident, was a war scare in September 1922 between the United Kingdom and the Government of the Grand National Assembly in Turkey. Chanak refers to Çanakkale, a city on the Anatolian side of the Dardanelles Strait. The crisis was caused by Turkish efforts to push the Greek armies out of Turkey and restore Turkish rule in the Allied-occupied territories, primarily in Constantinople (now Istanbul) and Eastern Thrace. Turkish troops marched against British and French positions in the Dardanelles neutral zone. For a time, war between Britain and Turkey seemed possible, but Canada refused to agree as did France and Italy. British public opinion did not want a war. The British military did not either, and the top general on the scene, Sir Charles Harington, refused to relay an ultimatum to the Turks because he counted on a negotiated settlement. The Conservatives in Britain's coalition government refused to follow Liberal Prime Minister David Lloyd George, who with Winston Churchill was calling for war.[2]
The crisis quickly ended when Turkey, having overwhelmed the Greeks, agreed to a negotiated settlement that gave it the territory it wanted. Lloyd George's mishandling of the crisis contributed to his downfall via the Carlton Club meeting. The crisis raised the issue of who decided on war for the British Empire, and was Canada's first assertion of diplomatic independence from London. Historian Robert Blake says the Chanak Crisis led to Arthur Balfour's definition of Britain and the dominions as "autonomous Communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of the domestic or internal affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations". In 1931 the UK Parliament enacted Balfour's formula into law through the Statute of Westminster 1931.[3]
Locations of the Turkish Straits: the Bosphorus (red) and the Dardanelles (yellow)
^Zekeriya Türkmen, (2002), İstanbul'un işgali ve İşgal Dönemindeki Uygulamalar (13 Kasım 1918 – 16 Mart 1920), Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, XVIII (53): pages 338–339. (in Turkish)
^A. J. P. Taylor (1965). English History 1914–1945. Oxford University Press. pp. 190–92. ISBN 9780191501296.
^Robert Blake (2013). The Decline of Power, 1915–1964. Faber & Faber. p. 68. ISBN 9780571298259.
The ChanakCrisis (Turkish: Çanakkale Krizi), also called the Chanak Affair and the Chanak Incident, was a war scare in September 1922 between the United...
weeks. The war effectively ended with the recapture of İzmir and the ChanakCrisis, prompting the signing of another armistice in Mudanya. The Grand National...
began by complaining that the "storm of attack and criticism" over the ChanakCrisis had weakened Britain's influence and undermined its authority. Chamberlain...
1922 he became embroiled in a scandal over the sale of honours and the ChanakCrisis. The Carlton Club meeting resulted in backbench support for the Conservatives...
requested military assistance from the Dominions at the outbreak of the ChanakCrisis in Turkey in 1922. He was rejected. The World War had greatly strengthened...
the French to order his forces to avoid any incident at Chanak. Nevertheless, the ChanakCrisis nearly resulted in hostilities, these being avoided on...
the ChanakCrisis erupted as Turkish forces threatened to occupy the Dardanelles neutral zone, which was policed by the British army based in Chanak (now...
of the Armistice of Mudanya on 11 October 1922. The handling of the ChanakCrisis (September–October 1922) between the United Kingdom and the Ankara Government...
of the Armistice of Mudanya on 11 October 1922. The handling of the ChanakCrisis (September–October 1922) between the United Kingdom and the Ankara Government...
strengthened Canadian autonomy by refusing to support Britain in the ChanakCrisis without Parliament's consent and negotiating the Halibut Treaty with...
first-hand, was determined to avoid another such split. In 1922, during the ChanakCrisis, when the United Kingdom almost went to war with Turkey, King had first...
British loyalty and addressing anti-British sentiment at home. The ChanakCrisis in 1922 had already alerted Britain that Dominion backing wasn't guaranteed...
attacking the British garrison at Chanak in the Dardanelles neutral zone. For his diplomatic handling of the ChanakCrisis, Brock was commended by Leo Amery...
Eurasia List of maritime incidents in the Turkish Straits Marmara Region ChanakCrisis Butler, Daren (18 March 2022). "Erdogan opens huge suspension bridge...
government (for these, see Revolts during the Turkish War of Independence). ChanakCrisis List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire List of Ottoman battles...
campaign Russian Civil War Irish War of Independence Anglo-Irish Treaty ChanakCrisis Chancellor of the Exchequer 1926 General Strike British Gazette Prime...
The war effectively ended with the Turkish capture of Smyrna and the ChanakCrisis, prompting the signing of the Armistice of Mudanya. The Grand National...
empowered, the army marched on to reclaim Istanbul, resulting in the ChanakCrisis in which the British Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, was forced...
1920 and concluded the Halibut Treaty in its own right in 1923. In the Chanakcrisis of 1922, the Canadian government insisted that its course of action...
The World Crisis is Winston Churchill's account of the First World War, published in six volumes (technically five, as Volume III was published in two...
MP for Prince Albert, SK (1925–1926) 12th [LS] Minister of Labour; ChanakCrisis; lower tariffs; reinstated Crowsnest Pass Agreement; 1923 Imperial Conference;...
Shell Crisis of 1915 Conscription Crisis of 1918 Gallipoli CrisisChanakCrisis Abdication crisis of 1936 Munich Crisis 1940 British war cabinet crisis Suez...
Global Information
Ankara Government
