Composite body, painted, and glazed bottle. Iran, 16th century (Metropolitan Museum of Art)Detail of dripping rice-straw ash glaze (top), Japan, 1852
Ceramic glaze, or simply glaze, is a glassy coating on ceramics. It is used for decoration, to ensure the item is impermeable to liquids and to minimise the adherence of pollutants.[1]
Glazing renders earthenware impermeable to water, sealing the inherent porosity of biscuit earthenware. It also gives a tougher surface. Glaze is also used on stoneware and porcelain. In addition to their functionality, glazes can form a variety of surface finishes, including degrees of glossy or matte finish and color. Glazes may also enhance the underlying design or texture either unmodified or inscribed, carved or painted.
Most pottery produced in recent centuries has been glazed, other than pieces in biscuit porcelain, terracotta, or some other types. Tiles are often glazed on the surface face, and modern architectural terracotta is often glazed. Glazed brick is also common. Sanitaryware is invariably glazed, as are many ceramics used in industry, for example ceramic insulators for overhead power lines.
The most important groups of traditional glazes, each named after its main ceramic fluxing agent, are:
Ash glaze, traditionally important in East Asia, simply made from wood or plant ash, which contains potash and lime.
Feldspathic glazes of porcelain.
Lead glazes, plain or coloured, are glossy and transparent after firing, which need only about 800 °C (1,470 °F). They have been used for about 2,000 years in China e.g. sancai, around the Mediterranean, and in Europe e.g. Victorian majolica.
Salt-glaze, mostly European stoneware. It uses ordinary salt.
Tin-glaze, which coats the ware with lead glaze made opaque white by the addition of tin.[2] Known in the Ancient Near East and then important in Islamic pottery, from which it passed to Europe. Includes Hispano-Moresque ware, Italian Renaissance maiolica (also called majolica), faience and Delftware.
Glaze may be applied by spraying, dipping, trailing or brushing on an aqueous suspension of the unfired glaze. The colour of a glaze after it has been fired may be significantly different from before firing. To prevent glazed wares sticking to kiln furniture during firing, either a small part of the object being fired (for example, the foot) is left unglazed or, alternatively, special refractory "spurs" are used as supports. These are removed and discarded after the firing.
Modern materials technology has invented new glazes that do not necessarily conform to these traditional categories.
^Division, Company Statistics. "Statistics of U.S. Businesses Main Page". www.census.gov. Archived from the original on 26 November 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
^C D Fortnum, 1875, Maiolica, Chapter II on Enamelled or Stanniferous Glazed Wares "It was found that by the addition of a certain portion of the oxide of tin to the composition of glass and oxide of lead the character of the glaze entirely alters. Instead of being translucent it becomes, on fusion, an opaque and beautifully white enamel…"
Ceramicglaze, or simply glaze, is a glassy coating on ceramics. It is used for decoration, to ensure the item is impermeable to liquids and to minimise...
Salt-glaze or salt glaze pottery is pottery, usually stoneware, with a ceramicglaze of glossy, translucent and slightly orange-peel-like texture which...
somewhat transparent Glaze (surname) Glazing (window), a transparent part of a wall Ceramicglaze, a vitreous coating to a ceramic material whose primary...
Ash glazes are ceramicglazes made from the ash of various kinds of wood or straw. They have historically been important in East Asia, especially Chinese...
glasses, glazes and ceramic bodies to lower the high melting point of the main glass forming constituents, usually silica and alumina. A ceramic flux functions...
cylindrical grinder used to grind, or mill, raw materials for use in ceramic bodies or glazes. Size reduction of the feed materials is achieved by a combination...
as MOX fuel. Prior to 1960, it was used as yellow and black color in ceramicglazes and glass. Uranium dioxide is produced by reducing uranium trioxide...
especially when unglazed or used for sculpture. The development of ceramicglaze made impermeable pottery possible, improving the popularity and practicality...
Glaze defects are any flaws in the surface quality of a ceramicglaze, its physical structure or its interaction with the body. Glaze defects can be as...
hardened and sintered in fire is the common belief of how ceramic was made. Later, ceramics were glazed and fired to create smooth, colored surfaces, decreasing...
a celadon ceramicglaze have been recovered from Eastern Han dynasty (25–220 AD) tomb excavations in Zhejiang, and that this type of ceramic became well...
contraction of lead glaze matches that of the ceramic more closely than an alkali glaze, rendering it less prone to crazing. A glaze should also have a...
Europe. The broader term ceramic painting includes painted decoration on lead-glazed earthenware such as creamware or tin-glazed pottery such as maiolica...
Ceramic chemistry studies the relationship between the physical and chemical properties of fired ceramic bodies and ceramicglazes. The field is largely...
“The History of CeramicGlaze.” Grey Fox Pottery, 4 Aug. 2023, greyfoxpottery.com/coffee-mugs/the-history-of-ceramic-glaze#:~:text=Glaze%20is%20very%20technically%20a...
earthenware can be made impervious to liquids by coating it with a ceramicglaze, and such a process is used for the great majority of modern domestic...
Ceramic Arts Daily – Featured Tip of the Day. Ceramic Publications Company, 5 Nov. 2009. Web. 26 May 2010. <http://ceramicartsdaily.org/ceramic-glaze...
Compacted oxide layer glaze describes the often shiny, wear-protective layer of oxide formed when two metals (or a metal and ceramic) are slid against each...
abrading the polished surface of a cylinder Removal of the ceramicglaze from pottery Glaze (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated...
of ceramic. Frit is technically a flux. From the inception of faience in the archaeological record of Ancient Egypt, the elected colors of the glazes varied...
role in the design and decoration. There is often great interest in ceramicglaze effects, including lustreware, and relatively less in painted decoration...
the much copied and later mass-produced ceramic sensation of the Victorian era, Minton's coloured lead glazes, Palissy ware. The 16th-century French pottery...
Sang de boeuf glaze, or sang-de-boeuf, is a deep red colour of ceramicglaze, first appearing in Chinese porcelain at the start of the 18th century. The...
ceramics industry for many centuries, as uranium oxide makes an excellent ceramicglaze, and is reasonably abundant. In addition to its medical usage, radium...
white tin glaze instead of covering only the painting surface and coating the rest with clear ceramicglaze. They then began to cover the tin-glaze with clear...
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