Location of Hebron within the de jure State of Palestine
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Location
Hebron, West Bank
Date
February 25, 1994; 30 years ago (1994-02-25)
Target
Muslim worshippers
Attack type
Zionist terrorism, mass murder, mass shooting
Weapons
IMI Galil
Deaths
30 (including the perpetrator)
Injured
125
Perpetrator
Baruch Goldstein
Motive
Anti-Palestinian racism, Jewish extremism
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The Cave of the Patriarchs massacre, also known as the Ibrahimi Mosque massacre or the Hebron massacre,[1] was a shooting massacre carried out by Baruch Goldstein, an American-Israeli physician and extremist of the far-right ultra-Zionist Kach movement. On 25 February 1994, during the Jewish holiday of Purim, which had overlapped in that year with the Islamic holy month of Ramadan,[2] Goldstein opened fire with an assault rifle on a large gathering of Palestinian Muslims praying in the Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron. He killed 29 people, several as young as 12 years, and wounded 125.[3] Goldstein was overpowered and beaten to death by survivors.
The atrocity strained the Israeli-Palestinian Oslo Accords peace process, immediately setting off mass protests by Palestinians throughout the West Bank. During the ensuing clashes, a further 20 to 26 Palestinians were killed while 120 were injured in confrontations with the Israeli military,[4] and 9 Israeli Jews were also killed.[5]
Goldstein was widely denounced in Israel and by communities in the Jewish diaspora,[6] with many attributing his act to insanity.[7] Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin condemned the attack, describing Goldstein as a "degenerate murderer" and "a shame on Zionism and an embarrassment to Judaism".[8][9][10] Some Jewish settlers in Hebron lauded him as a hero, viewing his attack as a pre-emptive strike and his subsequent death as an act of martyrdom.[11] Following statements in support of Goldstein's actions, the Jewish ultranationalist Kach party was banned and designated a terrorist organization by the Israeli government.[12]
^Yoram Peri, The Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin, Stanford University Press, 2000, pp. 100–103: "The Hebron massacre in perspective".
^George J. Church,"When Fury Rules", Time 7 March 1994 (subscription required)
^Issacharoff, Avi; Levinson, Chaim (28 February 2010). "Settlers Remember Gunman Goldstein; Hebron Riots Continue". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
^Ami Pedahzur, Arie Perliger Jewish Terrorism in Israel (Archived 3 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine). Columbia University Press, 2011. p. 70.
^Paul G. Pierpaolo, Jr, "Hebron Mosque Massacre", in Spencer C. Tucker, Priscilla Roberts (eds.), The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History (Archived 3 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine). ABC-CLIO, 2008. p. 438.
^Norman Solomon, 'The Ethics of War in Judaism,' in Torkel Brekke (ed.), The ethics of war in Asian civilizations: a comparative perspective Archived 3 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine Routledge, 2006, pp39-78 p.44
^1 Wilson, Rodney. 2007. Review Article: Islam and Terrorism. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 34(2):203–213. {{Doi:10.1080/13530190701427933}}. Accessed 29 August 2010).
^Haberman, Clyde (1 March 1994). "West Bank Massacre: The Overview; Rabin Urges the Palestinians To Put Aside Anger and Talk". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 February 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
^Alan Cowell (2 March 1994). "West Bank Massacre; In 'Tragic Error,' Soldiers Kill a Settler". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
^Youssef M. Ibrahim (6 March 1994). "The World; Palestinians See a People's Hatred in a Killer's Deed". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
^Sarah Helm (28 February 1994). "Hebron settlers shed no tears after slaughter: Militant Jews are turning mass killer Baruch Goldstein into a folk hero, writes Sarah Helm from Kiryat Arba". The Independent. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
^In the Spotlight: Kach and Kahane Chai Center for Defense Information, 1 October 2002 Archived 22 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine
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