Urine patches in cattle pastures generate large concentrations of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide through nitrification and denitrification processes in urine-contaminated soils.[1][2] Over the past few decades, the cattle population has increased more rapidly than the human population.[3] Between the years 2000 and 2050, the cattle population is expected to increase from 1.5 billion to 2.6 billion.[4] When large populations of cattle are packed into pastures, excessive amounts of urine soak into soils. This increases the rate at which nitrification and denitrification occur and produce nitrous oxide. Currently, nitrous oxide is one of the single most important ozone-depleting emissions and is expected to remain the largest throughout the 21st century.[5]
Pasture cows take a break from the hot Louisiana sun to relax in the shade.
^van Groenigen, Jan; Velthof, Gerard; van der Bolt, Frank; Vos, An; Kuikman, Peter (2005). "Seasonal variation in N2O emissions from urine patches: effects of urine concentration, soil compaction and dung". Plant and Soil. 273 (1–2): 15–27. doi:10.1007/s11104-004-6261-2. S2CID 26826336.
^Vitousek, Peter; Aber, John; Howarth, Robert; Likens, Gene; Matson, Pamela; Schindler, David; Schlesinger, Wiliiam; Tilman, David (1997). "Human Alteration of the Global Nitrogen Cycle: Source and Consequences". Ecological Applications. 7 (3). Ecological Society of America: 739–40. doi:10.2307/2269431. JSTOR 2269431. S2CID 14832613.
^Oenema, Oene; Wrage, Nicole; Velthof, Gerard L.; van Groenigen, Jan Willem; Dolfing, Jan; Kuikman, Peter J. (2005). "Trends in global nitrous oxide emissions from animal production systems". Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 72. Springer: 51–65. doi:10.1007/s10705-004-7354-2. S2CID 207146740.
^Thornton, Philip K. (2010). "Livestock production: recent trends, future prospects". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 365 (1554): 2853–2867. doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0134. PMC 2935116. PMID 20713389.
^Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
and 26 Related for: Cattle urine patches information
Urinepatches in cattle pastures generate large concentrations of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide through nitrification and denitrification processes...
can lead to the formation of taller ungrazed patches of heavily fertilized sward. These habitat patches, termed "islets", can be beneficial for many grassland...
Peyer's patches. Tangible body macrophages involved in PrPSc clearance are thought to play a role in PrPSc accumulation in the Peyer's patches. Accumulation...
bacteria are spread to humans through animal urine or feces, or water or soil contaminated with animal urine and feces, coming into contact with the eyes...
that grow as a result. The other patches receive little to no grazing. During the next two years the next two patches are burned consecutively, then the...
their horns. Like bison, but unlike cattle, males wallow in dry soil during the rut, often while scent-marking with urine or dung. Females enter oestrus up...
fire-cleared patch of grassland that would leave small vertebrate prey exposed while foraging. Both female and male maned wolves use their urine to communicate...
well as moisture at ground level. Areas of spore growth can include urinepatches and areas sheltered by hedges. The fungus grows in clusters and is normally...
Wolverines have been observed to use urine as a scent-marking behavior. Headspace analysis of the volatiles emanating from urine samples identified 19 potential...
reduced movement between the habitat patches, which can lead to reduced gene flow and pathogen transmission between patches. Animals such as the bobcat are...
as males are typically 10 to 20% larger. The fur is white, with black patches around the eyes, ears, legs and shoulders. A thumb is visible on the bear's...
females have no higher need of water than usual, since they consume the urine and feces of the pups, thus recycling the water and keeping the den clean...
produced annually in the UK. Farmyard manure can be used as soil fertiliser. Urine contains about half the nitrogen and most of the potash that an animal voids...
includes a copulatory tie, during which the animals are locked together. Urine-marking plays a significant role in their pre-copulatory behavior. Gestation...
A male elk's urethra points upward so that urine is sprayed almost at a right angle to the penis. The urine soaks into their hair and gives them a distinct...
eyes. He stays near her, and may follow her for a long time, smelling her urine. Sometimes the female responds to courtship by lying on the ground. Pampas...
Increased nicotine or cotinine (the nicotine metabolite) is detected in urine or blood, or serum nicotine concentrations increase. The initial treatment...
completely white or sandy blonde. Their head is marked with brown or black patches that form an 'X' over their noses. They have scraggly beards and prominent...
areas of research. Recent studies suggest prions may be spread through urine and persist in the environment for decades. Scrapie usually affects sheep...
scent using preorbital gland and interdigital gland secretions, faeces and urine. While other males are not allowed into these territories, females are allowed...
peptide 1 (ESP1). Many vomeronasal neurons are activated by chemicals in urine. Some of the active compounds are sulfated steroids. Detecting the types...
collection of bamboo as cattle fodder in winter. Vehicular traffic is a significant barrier to red panda movement between habitat patches. Poaching is also...
where they may form harems of females; territories are demarcated with urine and faeces and defended against juvenile or male intruders. Bachelor herds...
27 July 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2016. "Breeds of Cattle at CATTLE TODAY". Cattle Today. Cattle-today.com. Retrieved 6 November 2016. Lukefahr SD, Cheeke...
even marked mice (white mice with even patches of colour), broken marked mice (white mice with uneven patches of colour), banded mice (coloured mice with...
signals through urine to communicate reproductive receptivity. In many cases, male night monkeys have been observed drinking the urine of their female...
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