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Ewe with scrapie with weight loss and hunched appearanceSame ewe as above with bare patches on rear end from scraping
Scrapie (/ˈskreɪpi/) is a fatal, degenerative disease affecting the nervous systems of sheep and goats.[1] It is one of several transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), and as such it is thought to be caused by a prion.[2][3] Scrapie has been known since at least 1732 and does not appear to be transmissible to humans.[4][5] However, it has been found to be experimentally transmissible to humanised transgenic mice[6] and non-human primates.[7]
The name scrapie is derived from one of the clinical signs of the condition, wherein affected animals will compulsively scrape off their fleeces against rocks, trees or fences. The disease apparently causes an itching sensation in the animals. Other clinical signs include excessive lip smacking, altered gaits and convulsive collapse.[8]
Scrapie is infectious and transmissible among conspecifics, so one of the most common ways to contain it (since it is incurable) is to quarantine and kill those affected. However, scrapie tends to persist in flocks and can also arise spontaneously in flocks that have not previously had cases of the disease. The mechanism of transmission between animals and other aspects of the biology of the disease are only poorly understood, and are active areas of research. Recent studies suggest prions may be spread through urine and persist in the environment for decades.[9]
Scrapie usually affects sheep around three to five years of age.[10] The potential for transmission at birth and from contact with placental tissues is apparent.[11]
^National Scrapie Education Initiative. "Scrapie Fact Sheet". National Institute for Animal Agriculture. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
^Rolf G. "From Sheep to Humans: Scrapie and Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease". Ecclectica. Archived from the original on 27 August 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
^Comoy E, Mikol J, Luccantoni-Freire S (2015). "Transmission of scrapie prions to primate after an extended silent incubation period". Scientific Reports. 5: 11573. Bibcode:2015NatSR...511573C. doi:10.1038/srep11573. PMC 4485159. PMID 26123044.
^Foster JD, Parnham D, Chong A, Goldmann W, Hunter N (2001). "Clinical signs, histopathology and genetics of experimental transmission of BSE and natural scrapie to sheep and goats". Vet. Rec. 148 (6): 165–71. doi:10.1136/vr.148.6.165. PMID 11258721. S2CID 43497666.
^Detwiler LA, Baylis M (2003). "The epidemiology of scrapie" (PDF). Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 22 (1): 121–43. doi:10.20506/rst.22.1.1386. PMID 12793776. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-05-08. Retrieved 2016-11-28.
^Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (June 2, 2020). "Scrapie Disease Information". U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
^Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (June 2, 2020). "Scrapie". U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
Scrapie (/ˈskreɪpi/) is a fatal, degenerative disease affecting the nervous systems of sheep and goats. It is one of several transmissible spongiform...
the cause of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), including scrapie in sheep, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer, bovine spongiform encephalopathy...
with overlapping signs and symptoms. TSEs in non-human mammals include scrapie in sheep, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle – popularly...
protease-resistant form designated PrPRes such as the disease-causing PrPSc (scrapie) and an isoform located in mitochondria. The misfolded version PrPSc is...
either the remains of cattle who spontaneously developed the disease or scrapie-infected sheep products. The United Kingdom (UK) was afflicted with an...
the central nervous system in cattle. It is a fatal disease, similar to scrapie in sheep and goats, caused by a prion. A major epizootic affected the UK...
is a hypothetical infectious particle once theorized to be the cause of scrapie and other degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. It was thought...
cow disease) in cattle, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) in humans and scrapie in sheep. Natural infection causing CWD affects members of the deer family...
among the first to find evidence indicating that the infectious agent in Scrapie does not contain nucleic acid: a finding that was instrumental in understanding...
to study and develop scrapie-resistant sheep. An infectious, persistent, and spontaneous disease, animals infected with scrapie must be quarantined and...
although other reports have shown no significant effect, and treatment of scrapie in mice and sheep has also shown no effect. Possible reasons for the lack...
conditions that may affect their health. Some, like classical swine fever and scrapie are specific to one type of stock, while others, like foot-and-mouth disease...
hypersensitivity and inflammation. Hay mites are a suspected reservoir for scrapie, a prion disease of sheep. The mite Varroa destructor is a serious pest...
degenerative disease in humans. Kuru was shown to have remarkable similarity to scrapie, a disease of sheep and goats caused by an unconventional infectious agent...
the possibility of transmission of scrapie, a deadly, degenerative prion disease of sheep and goats, though scrapie does not appear to be transmissible...
conditions that may affect their health. Some, like classical swine fever and scrapie are specific to one population of animals, while others, like foot-and-mouth...
Fatal Protein, looking at the cause of CJD in humans, BSE in cattle, and scrapie in sheep; BSE was killing 1,000 British cattle a week; a brain disorders...
have spontaneously developed the disease as well as sheep infected with scrapie, a similar disease in sheep, the inclusion of brain and spinal cord tissue...
mortality rate. Includes bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease), scrapie, and kuru among others. Neonatal encephalopathy (hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy):...
easily transmitted to pregnant women. Also of concern are the prion disease scrapie and the virus that causes foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), as both can devastate...
Fibrils in brain of Rocky Mountain elk with chronic wasting disease contain scrapie amyloid. Guiroy DC, Williams ES, Song KJ, Yanagihara R, Gajdusek DC. Laboratory...
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