Large fortress and citadel in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Castillo San Felipe del Morro
El Morro
Front view of El Morro from the Atlantic; inside view from fourth level inner bailey onto ramp to third-level battlements; panoramic view from third-level onto bay and ocean with garitas or bartizans visible; inside view from to third-level surrounding outer bailey onto ramp to fourth-level inner bailey with sentry boxes visible; entrance view from dry moat onto curtain wall, drawbridge, hornwork gate, and lighthouse; side view from opening of San Juan Bay next to Paseo del Morro; panoramic entrance view from middle of bay onto western section of the Walls of Old San Juan; panoramic entrance view from northern section of the Walls of Old San Juan onto glacis with the dome of chapel in Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery visible; and panoramic entrance view from Explanda del Morro
Interactive
General information
Type
Medieval fortification, Citadel, Promontory fort
Architectural style
Classical architecture
Location
San Juan Islet, Old San Juan, Puerto Rico
Address
501 Calle Norzagaray, Old San Juan, San Juan, PR, 00901
Juan de Tejada, Juan Bautista Antonelli (1587); Alejandro O'Reilly, Thomas O’Daly (1765)
Known for
Battle of San Juan (1595) Battle of San Juan (1598) Battle of San Juan (1625) Battle of San Juan (1797) Bombardment of San Juan (1898)
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Type
Cultural
Criteria
vi
Designated
1983 (7th session)
Part of
La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico
Reference no.
266
Region
The Americas
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Designated
October 15, 1966
Part of
San Juan National Historic Site
Reference no.
66000930[1]
U.S. National Historic Landmark
Official name
La Fortaleza
Designated
February 27, 2013
Reference no.
13000284[2]
Castillo San Felipe del Morro (English: Promontory Castle of Saint Philip), most commonly known as El Morro(The Promontory), is a large fortress and citadel in the historic district of Old San Juan, Puerto Rico. Commissioned by Charles I of Spain in 1539, it was first built as a fortified tower in honor of Philip II, who oversaw its expansion into a hornwork fort by 1595. Over the next 200 years, especially in the reign of Charles III, El Morro continued to be developed to reach its current form in 1787. Rising 140 ft from the Atlantic shoreline with 18 to 25 ft thick walls, it stands on a steep, rocky headland promontory on San Juan Islet guarding the entry to San Juan Bay, the harbor of Old San Juan. El Morro, alongside La Fortaleza, San Cristóbal, El Cañuelo, and other forts part of the Walls of Old San Juan, protected strategically and militarily important Puerto Rico, or La Llave de las Indias (The Key to the Indies),[3] from invasion by competing world powers during the Age of Sail.[4]
La Monoestrellada of Puerto Rico, the Cross of Burgundy of the Spanish Empire, and the Stars and Stripes of the United States, fly continuously on El Morro
^"National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
^cite web "San Juan National Historic Site El Morro Esplanade Cultural Landscape" (PDF). pr.gov. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
^ "Justificación para una historia militar de Puerto Rico" (PDF). Academia Puertorriqueña de la Historia (in Spanish). April 4, 2023. pp. 250–51. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
^www.nps.gov National Park Service - San Juan National Historic Site - The Gibraltar of the Caribbean - Accessed on 2014-11-29
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