Differential Emotions universally discernible in the facial expressions of infants; Maximally Discriminative Affect Coding System (MAX); Differential Emotions Scale (DES-IV)
Scientific career
Fields
Psychology of Affects (emotional development in children)
Institutions
University of Delaware; Vanderbilt University
Carroll Ellis Izard (October 8, 1923 – February 5, 2017)[1] was an American research psychologist[2][3][4] known for his contributions to differential emotions theory (DET),[5][6] and the Maximally Discriminative Affect Coding System (MAX) on which he worked with Paul Ekman.[7] Izard also undertook empirical studies into the facial feedback hypothesis according to which emotions which have different functions also cause facial expressions which in turn provide us with cues about what emotion a person is feeling. In addition, Izard constructed a multidimensional self-report measure – the Differential Emotions Scale – currently in its 4th edition (DES-IV).[8][9] His later research focused on emotional development in young children and the development and testing of his Emotions Course for Young Children.[10]
^Manser, Ann (2017-02-13). "In Memoriam: Carroll Izard". University of Delaware. Retrieved 2017-02-21.
^American Psychological Association Directory (1968). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
^Carrol E. Izard, Unidel Professor of Psychology, McKinly Lab., University of Delaware. [Retrieved 22 October 2015]
^$2.7 million grant from the National Institute of Mental Health to evaluate Head Start program. [Retrieved 22 October 2015]
^Siegler, R. (2006). How Children Develop, Exploring Child Develop Student Media Tool Kit & Scientific American Reader to Accompany How Children Develop. New York: Worth Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7167-6113-6.
^Cicchetti, D. (2015). Reflections on Carroll Izard's contributions: Influences on diverse scientific disciplines and personal reflections. Emotion Review, 7(2), 104-109. doi: 10.1177/1754073914554781
^Izard, C.E., (1979). The Maximally Discriminative Facial Movement Coding System (MAX). Newark, DE: University of Delaware Instructional Resource Center.
^Boyle, G. J. (1984). Reliability and validity of Izard's Differential Emotions Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 5, 747-750.
^Boyle, G. J., Helmes, E., Matthews, G., & Izard, C. E. (2015). Multidimensional measures of affects: Emotions and mood states (pp. 190-224). In Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs. Elsevier/Academic Press, 2015. ISBN 978-0-12-386915-9
^Cite error: The named reference festschrift was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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