The Carolingian G or French G is the evolved classical form of the letter G that was in use in most Middle English alphabets. The other form scholars and writers familiar with Celtic Britain generally knew and could use, and in the furthest places in Britain away from England exclusively used domestically, was the insular (or Irish) G, which could bear a well-understood extra phonetic sense, when writing of the local people, places and language. Unlike the vowel u and consonants which could appear ambiguous such as s, it had no special rules as to choice of letter in Middle English orthography.
The form is named for the Carolingian minuscule script, an exemplar of its use and which features in papal manuscripts.[1]
^The History of G. MedievalWriting.com. Accessed March 30, 2012.
The CarolingianG or French G is the evolved classical form of the letter G that was in use in most Middle English alphabets. The other form scholars...
Carolingian minuscule or Caroline minuscule is a script which developed as a calligraphic standard in the medieval European period so that the Latin alphabet...
reborrowed the familiar Carolingiang from the Continent, began to use the two forms of g as separate letters. The lowercase insular g (ᵹ) was used in Irish...
The Carolingian Empire (800–887) was a Frankish-dominated empire in Western and Central Europe during the Early Middle Ages. It was ruled by the Carolingian...
The Carolingian Renaissance was the first of three medieval renaissances, a period of cultural activity in the Carolingian Empire. Charlemagne's reign...
significant difference in appearance between the old insular g and the Carolingiang (modern g), the former continued in use as a separate letter, known...
The Carolingian dynasty (/ˌkærəˈlɪndʒiən/ KARR-ə-LIN-jee-ən; known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolingus, Carolings, Karolinger or Karlings) was...
created by Norman scribes from the insular g in Old English and Irish, and used alongside their Carolingiang. The a-e ligature ash (Æ æ) was adopted as...
The Carolingian pound (Latin: pondus Caroli, German: Karlspfund), also called Charlemagne's pound or the Charlemagne pound, was a unit of weight that...
Carolingian schools comprised a small number of educational institutions which had a major share in the Carolingian Renaissance, specifically cathedral...
The Carolingian monetary system, also called the Carolingian coinage system or just the Carolingian system, was a currency structure introduced by Charlemagne...
g depending on how they sounded. He used insular <ᵹ> for the palatal approximant [j], a flat-topped <ꟑ> for the velar stop [ɡ], and a Carolingian <g>...
sword) or Carolingian sword is the type of sword prevalent in Western and Northern Europe during the Early Middle Ages. The Viking Age or Carolingian-era sword...
King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor of what is now known as the Carolingian Empire from 800, holding all these titles until his death in 814. Charlemagne...
regnum Neustriae, a constituent subkingdom of the Carolingian Empire and then West Francia. The Carolingian kings also created a March of Neustria which was...
wife Hedwige of Saxony, he was elected as the successor of the last Carolingian king, Louis V. Hugh was descended from Charlemagne's son Pepin of Italy...
Europe. These are effectively seen as occurring in three phases - the Carolingian Renaissance (8th and 9th centuries), Ottonian Renaissance (10th century)...
history of Western typography. Carolingian minuscule was the direct ancestor of blackletter. Blackletter developed from Carolingian as an increasingly literate...
Pyrenees and nearby areas, to protect the new territories of the Christian Carolingian Empire - the Duchy of Gascony, the Duchy of Aquitaine, and Septimania...
Merovingians were later replaced by the new Carolingian dynasty in the 8th century. By the late 10th century, the Carolingians themselves had been replaced throughout...
religious purposes chosen by Charlemagne to be the center of power of the Carolingian Empire. The palace was located north of the current city of Aachen, today...
intellectual architects of the Carolingian Renaissance. Among his pupils were many of the dominant intellectuals of the Carolingian era. Alcuin wrote many theological...
century. Although the Carolingian dynasty of the Franks reunited much of the Western Roman lands by the early 9th century, the Carolingian Empire quickly fell...
until the establishment of West Francia, during the dissolution of the Carolingian Empire in the 800s. The kings used the title "King of the Franks" (Latin:...
remodeled in the Baroque period, the abbey is an exceptional example of Carolingian architecture, the oldest surviving example of a westwork, and the oldest...
continent and subcontinent. The continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire was one of the many old cultural concepts used for mainland Europe...
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