For information on all meat-eating organisms, see Carnivores. For the alternative medicine "Carnivorans", see Venus flytrap § In alternative medicine.
Carnivoran
Temporal range: 51.88–0 Ma
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Early Eocene-Holocene[1]
Various carnivorans, with feliforms to the left, and caniforms to the right
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Clade:
Carnivoramorpha
Clade:
Carnivoraformes
Order:
Carnivora Bowdich, 1821[2]
Suborders
Caniformia
Feliformia
The extant distribution and density of Carnivora species.
Synonyms
list of synonyms:
Caniformes (Zagorodniuk, 2008)[3][4]
Carnaria (Haeckel, 1866)[5]
Carnassidentia (Wortman, 1901)[6]
Carnivoramorphia (Kalandadze & Rautian, 1992)[7]
Carnivores (Cuvier, 1817)[8]
Carnivori (Vieq d'Azyr, 1792)[9]
Carnivorida (Pearse, 1936)[10][11]
Carnivoriformes (Kinman, 1994)[12]
Carnivoripedida (Vyalov, 1966)[13]
Cynofeliformia (Ginsburg, 1982)
Cynofeloidea (Hough, 1953)[14]
Cynosia (Rafinesque, 1815)[15]
Digitigrada (Illiger, 1811)[16]
Digitigradae (Gray, 1821)[17]
Eucarnivora (Mekayev, 2002)[18]
Ferae (Linnaeus, 1758)[19]
Fissipeda (Blumenbach, 1791)[20]
Neocarnivora (Radinsky, 1977)[21]
Plantigrada (Illiger, 1811)
Carnivora/kɑːrˈnɪvərə/ is an order of placental mammals that have specialized in primarily eating flesh, whose members are formally referred to as carnivorans. The order Carnivora is the fifth largest order of mammals, comprising at least 279 species.
Carnivorans live on every major landmass and in a variety of habitats, ranging from the cold polar regions to the hyper-arid region of the Sahara Desert to the open seas. They come in a very large array of different body plans with a wide diversity of shapes and sizes.
Carnivora can be divided into two suborders, the Feliformia, containing the true felids and several "cat-like" animals; and the Caniformia, containing the true canids and many somewhat "dog-like" animals.
The feliforms include families such as the felids or "cats" (both great cats and lesser cats), hyenas, mongooses and civets. The majority of feliform species are found in the Old World, though the cats and one extinct genus of hyena have successfully diversified into the Americas.
The caniforms include the canines, bears, raccoons, mustelids, skunks and pinnipeds. Members of this group are found worldwide with immense diversity in their diet, behavior and morphology.[22]
^Foley, N. M.; Mason, V. C.; Harris, A. J.; Bredemeyer, K. R.; Damas, J.; Lewin, H. A.; Eizirik, E.; Gatesy, J.; Karlsson, E. K.; Lindblad-Toh, K.; Zoonomia Consortium; Springer, M. S.; Murphy, W. J. (2023). "A genomic timescale for placental mammal evolution". Science. 380 (6643). eabl8189. doi:10.1126/science.abl8189. PMC 10233747. PMID 37104581.
^Bowditch, T. E. 1821. An analysis of the natural classifications of Mammalia for the use of students and travelers J. Smith Paris. 115. (refer pages 24, 33)
^Zagorodniuk, I. (2008) "Scientific names of mammal orders: from descriptive to uniform" Visnyk of Lviv University, Biology series, Is. 48. P. 33-43
^Zagorodniuk, I. (2014) "Changes In Taxonomic Diversity Of Ukrainian Mammals For The Last Three Centuries: Extinct, Phantom And Alien Species" Proceedings of the Theriological School, Vol. 12: 3–16
^Haeckel, Ernst (1866.) "Generelle Morphologie der Organismen." Berlin: Georg Reimer.
^J. L. Wortman (1901.) "Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum." The American Journal of Science, series 4 12:193-206
^Kalandadze, N. N. and S. A. Rautian (1992.) "Systema mlekopitayushchikh i istorygeskaya zoogeographei [The system of mammals and historical zoogeography]." Sbornik Trudov Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Moskovskogo Goschdarstvennoro Universiteta 29:44–152.
^Georges Cuvier, Pierre André Latreille (1817.) "Le Règne Animal Distribué d'après son Organisation, pour Servir de Base à l'Histoire Naturelle des Animaux et d'Introduction à l'Anatomie Comparée" Déterville libraire, Imprimerie de A. Belin, Paris, 4 Volumes
^Arthur Sperry Pearse, (1936) "Zoological names. A list of phyla, classes, and orders, prepared for section F, American Association for the Advancement of Science" American Association for the Advancement of Science
^G. G. Simpson (1952) "For and Against Uniform Endings in Zoological Nomenclature" in "Systematic Zoology Vol. 1, No. 1 (Spring, 1952)", pp. 20-23, Published By: Taylor & Francis, Ltd.
^Kenneth E. Kinman (1994.) "The Kinman System: Toward a Stable Cladisto-Eclectic Classification of Organisms: Living and Extinct, 48 Phyla, 269 Classes, 1,719 Orders", Hays, Kan. (P. O. Box 1377, Hays 67601), 88 pages
^O. S. Vyalov (1966.) "Sledy Zhiznedeyatel'nosti Organizmov i ikh Paleontologicheskoye Znacheniye [Traces of Vital Activity of Organisms and their Paleontological Significance]" Naukova Dumka, Kyiv, 1-219
^Hough, J. R. (1953.) "Auditory region in North American fossil Felidae: Its significance in phylogeny." United States Geological SurveyProfessional Papers, 243-G,95–115.
^Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel (1815). "Analyse de la Nature ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés". 1815. Palermo, Aux dépens de l'auteur, 223 pp. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger (1811.) "Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium." Berlin: Sumptibus C. Salfeld, xviii, 301 pages
^Gray, J. E. (1821). "On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals". London Medical Repository. 15 (1): 296–310.
^Mekayev, Y. A. (2002.) "The faunagenesis and classification of mammals." Petrov’s Academy of Sciences and Arts, St. Petersburg, 1–895.
^Cite error: The named reference Linnaeus1758 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1791.) "Handbuch der Naturgeschichte. Vierte auflage." Göttingen, Johann Christian Dieterich, xii+704+[33] pp., 3 pls.
^Leonard Radinsky (1977.) "Brains of early carnivores." Paleobiology, Volume 3, Issue 4, pp. 333 - 349
^Gittleman, John L. (1989). Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution. Boston, MA: Springer US. ISBN 978-1-4757-4716-4. OCLC 851800612.
Carnivora /kɑːrˈnɪvərə/ is an order of placental mammals that have specialized in primarily eating flesh, whose members are formally referred to as carnivorans...
Feliformia is a suborder within the order Carnivora consisting of "cat-like" carnivorans, including cats (large and small), hyenas, mongooses, viverrids...
Caniformia is a suborder within the order Carnivora consisting of "dog-like" carnivorans. They include dogs (wolves, foxes, etc.), bears, raccoons, and...
clade of placental mammals of clade Pan-Carnivora from mirorder Ferae, that includes the modern order Carnivora and its extinct stem-relatives. The common...
Veron, G. (2009). "Molecular phylogeny of the Herpestidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) with a special emphasis on the Asian Herpestes". Molecular Phylogenetics...
Procyonidae (/proʊsiːjɔːnɪdiː/) is a New World family of the order Carnivora. It includes the raccoons, ringtails, cacomistles, coatis, kinkajous, olingos...
capabilities. For instance, dogs evolved from primarily carnivorous organisms (Carnivora) while pigs evolved from primarily herbivorous organisms (Artiodactyla)...
they form the largest family in the suborder Caniformia of the order Carnivora with about 66 to 70 species in nine subfamilies. Mustelids vary greatly...
members of the order Carnivora, ranked in accordance to their maximum mass. Mammals portal Wikispecies has information related to Carnivora. List of largest...
cecum. Viverrids are the most primitive of all the families of feliform Carnivora and clearly less specialized than the Felidae. In external characteristics...
"Phylogeny of the Carnivora: basal relationships among the Carnivoramorphans, and assessment of the position of 'Miacoidea' relative to Carnivora". Journal of...
Planta Carnivora is a biannual periodical and the official publication of The Carnivorous Plant Society of the United Kingdom. Typical articles include...
tree-dwelling mustelids. Together with feliforms, caniforms compose the order Carnivora; sometimes Arctoidea can be considered a separate suborder from Caniformia...
"Small Oligocene Amphicyonids from North America (Paradaphoenus, Mammalia, Carnivora)". American Museum Novitates (3331): 1–20. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2001)331<0001:SOAFNA>2...
families of the order Carnivora. In some former taxonomic classifications, Pinnipedia is treated as an suborder in order Carnivora alongside Fissipedia...
Hyposmocoma carnivora is a species of moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It is endemic to Hawaii. The wingspan is 10.2–12 mm (0.40–0.47 in) for males...
Polecat is a common name for several mustelid species in the order Carnivora and subfamilies Ictonychinae and Mustelinae. Polecats do not form a single...
Carnivora is an order of placental mammals that have specialized in primarily eating flesh. Members of this order are called carnivorans, or colloquially...
mammals from grandorder Ferungulata, that groups together clades Pan-Carnivora, which includes modern carnivorans, and Pholidotamorpha, which includes...
genus of the family Otariidae (sea lions and fur seals) of the order Carnivora. The seals of the genus Zalophus present a striking sexual dimorphism...
cladogram: List of mammals of Madagascar Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World:...
monografia de Potos flavus (Mammalia: Carnivora) en Colombia" [Notes for a monograph of Potos flavus (Mammalia: Carnivora) in Colombia]. Caldasia (in Spanish)...
Oligocene) and systematics and phylogeny of North American early arctoids (Carnivora, Caniformia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 42: 1–123. Bibcode:2022JVPal...
Ailuridae is a family in the mammal order Carnivora. The family consists of the red panda (the sole living representative) and its extinct relatives....
in common with raccoons and other procyonids (and others in the order Carnivora and rare cases among other mammals); they are therefore able to descend...
Sardella, Raffaele; Rook, Lorenzo (March 2014). "Acinonyx pardinensis (Carnivora, Felidae) from the Early Pleistocene of Pantalla (Italy): predatory behavior...
of Europe" (PDF). europarl.europa.eu. Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World:...
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