Prussian general and military theorist (1780–1831)
"Clausewitz" redirects here. For the part of defence of Berlin during World War II, see Operation Clausewitz. For the Paradox computer strategy games engine, see Clausewitz Engine.
Carl von Clausewitz
Carl von Clausewitz, while in Prussian service, painted by Wilhelm Wach in early 1830s.
Birth name
Carl Philipp Gottfried von Clausewitz
Born
(1780-07-01)1 July 1780 Burg bei Magdeburg, Kingdom of Prussia, Holy Roman Empire
Died
16 November 1831(1831-11-16) (aged 51) Breslau, Province of Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia (present-day Wrocław, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)
Allegiance
Prussia
Russian Empire (1812–1813)
Service/branch
Prussian Army
Years of service
1792–1831
Rank
Major general
Unit
Russian–German Legion (III Corps)
Commands held
Kriegsakademie
Battles/wars
French Revolutionary Wars
Siege of Mainz
Napoleonic Wars
Battle of Jena–Auerstedt
Battle of Borodino
Battle of Ligny
Battle of Wavre
Carl Philipp Gottfried (or Gottlieb) von Clausewitz[note 1] (German pronunciation:[ˌkaʁlfɔnˈklaʊ̯zəvɪt͡s]ⓘ; 1 July 1780 – 16 November 1831)[1] was a Prussian general and military theorist who stressed the "moral" (in modern terms meaning psychological) and political aspects of waging war. His most notable work, Vom Kriege ("On War"), though unfinished at his death, is considered a seminal treatise on military strategy and science.
Clausewitz was a realist in many different senses, including realpolitik, and while in some respects a romantic, he also drew heavily on the rationalist ideas of the European Enlightenment.
Clausewitz stressed the dialectical interaction of diverse factors, noting how unexpected developments unfolding under the "fog of war" (i.e., in the face of incomplete, dubious, and often erroneous information and great fear, doubt, and excitement) call for rapid decisions by alert commanders. He saw history as a vital check on erudite abstractions that did not accord with experience. In contrast to the early work of Antoine-Henri Jomini, he argued that war could not be quantified or reduced to mapwork, geometry, and graphs. Clausewitz had many aphorisms, of which the most famous is "War is the continuation of policy with other means." (often misquoted as "... by other means").[2]: 87 [3][dubious – discuss]
Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).
^Bassford, Christopher (March 8, 2016). "Clausewitz and His Works". Clausewitz.com. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
^Clausewitz, Carl von (1984) [1832]. Howard, Michael; Paret, Peter (eds.). On War [Vom Krieg] (Indexed ed.). New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-691-01854-6.
^Holmes, James R. "Everything You Know About Clausewitz Is Wrong". thediplomat.com.
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