A carbon print is a photographic print with an image consisting of pigmented gelatin, rather than of silver or other metallic particles suspended in a uniform layer of gelatin, as in typical black-and-white prints, or of chromogenic dyes, as in typical photographic color prints.
Carbon print of Alfred, Lord Tennyson by Elliott & Fry1932 Carbro process color print by Nickolas Muray
In the original version of the printing process, carbon tissue (a temporary support sheet coated with a layer of gelatin mixed with a pigment—originally carbon black, from which the name derives) is bathed in a potassium dichromate sensitizing solution, dried, then exposed to strong ultraviolet light through a photographic negative, hardening the gelatin in proportion to the amount of light reaching it. The tissue is then developed by treatment with warm water, which dissolves the unhardened gelatin. The resulting pigment image is physically transferred to a final support surface, either directly or indirectly. In an important early 20th century variation of the process, known as carbro (carbon-bromide) printing, contact with a conventional silver bromide paper print, rather than exposure to light, was used to selectively harden the gelatin. A wide variety of colored pigments can be used instead of carbon black.
The process can produce images of very high quality which are exceptionally resistant to fading and other deterioration. It was developed in the mid-19th century in response to concerns about the fading of early types of silver-based black-and-white prints, which was already becoming apparent within a relatively few years of their introduction.
The most recent development in the process was made by the American photographer Charles Berger in 1993 with the introduction of a non-toxic sensitizer that presented none of the health and safety hazards of the toxic (now EU-restricted) dichromate sensitizer.
A carbonprint is a photographic print with an image consisting of pigmented gelatin, rather than of silver or other metallic particles suspended in a...
carbon paper and the under-copy sheet itself (not to be confused with the carbonprint family of photographic reproduction processes). When copies of business...
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Print Gocco (プリントゴッコ, Purinto Gokko) was a compact, self-contained card printing system developed by Riso Kagaku Corporation and first sold in 1977. Print...
exposure to sunlight. Alphonse Poitevin added carbon pigment to the colloids in 1855, creating the first carbonprint. In 1858, John Pouncy used colored pigment...
color slide films from AP-41 to E6) Anthotype Autochrome Lumière, 1903 Carbonprint, 1862 Chromogenic positive (Ektachrome) E-3 process E-4 process E-6 process...
Carbonprint of the honiton lace veil and wreath decorated with orange blossoms worn by Queen Victoria on her wedding day c.1889-91 from Queen Victoria's...
of an original photographic negative with a tonal range similar to a Carbonprint. The process was introduced by the English photographer Walter B. Woodbury...
known for his original photographs and tri-color carbonprint making process. His tri-color carbonprints of original nature photographs were sold in several...
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Engraving.) Carbon tissue resists have also been used extensively for the manufacture of photostencils in screen printing. Carbonprint "The Carbon Transfer...
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arabic, making them less soluble. These discoveries soon led to the carbonprint, gum bichromate, and other photographic printing processes based on differential...
Carbon leakage a concept to quantify an increase in greenhouse gas emissions in one country as a result of an emissions reduction by a second country with...
Carbon paper (originally carbonic paper) consists of sheets of paper that create one or more copies simultaneously with the creation of an original document...
processes such as heliogravure, photogravure, collotype, autotype and carbonprint. Martin Parr and Gerry Badger. The Photobook: A History, Volume I. p...
A chromogenic print, also known as a C-print or C-type print, a silver halide print, or a dye coupler print, is a photographic print made from a color...
activities intensify the greenhouse effect. This contributes to climate change. Carbon dioxide (CO2), from burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural...
range than an oil print. Carbonprint: This is an extremely delicate print made by coating tissue paper with potassium bichromate, carbon black or another...
bromosilver photographic print can reach several centuries, as evidenced by storage experience. An exception is carbonprint of both color and black-and-white...
Carbon emission trading (also called carbon market, emission trading scheme (ETS) or cap and trade) is a type of emission trading scheme designed for...
Campbell (1928). Most recently, Potts Print (UK) has carbon offset its entire operation and is a certified Carbon Balanced Publication Printing Company...
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