Capital punishment in Canada dates back to Canada's earliest history, including its period as a French colony and, after 1763, its time as a British colony. From 1867 to the elimination of the death penalty for murder on July 26, 1976, 1,481 people had been sentenced to death, and 710 had been executed. Of those executed, 697 were men and 13 women. The only method used in Canada for capital punishment of civilians after the end of the French regime was hanging. The last execution in Canada was the double hanging of Arthur Lucas and Ronald Turpin on December 11, 1962, at Toronto's Don Jail. The National Defence Act prescribed the death penalty for certain military offences until 1999, although no military executions had been carried out since 1946.
The death penalty was ended in practice in Canada in January 1963 and was abolished in two stages, in 1976 and 1999. Prior to 1976, the death penalty was prescribed under the Criminal Code as the punishment for murder, treason, and piracy. In addition, some service offences under the National Defence Act continued to carry a mandatory death sentence if committed traitorously, although no one had been executed for those offences since 1945. In 1976, Parliament enacted Bill C-48, abolishing the death penalty for murder, treason, and piracy. In 1999, Parliament eliminated the death penalty for the military offences.[1][2]
^"Capital Punishment". Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Archived from the original on November 16, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
^https://www.parl.ca/Content/Bills/361/Government/C-25/C-25_1/C-25_1.pdf shows the old text with the death penalty in effect. https://parl.ca/Content/Bills/361/Government/C-25/C-25_4/C-25_4.pdf shows royal assent on December 10, 1998. http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/1999/1999-07-21/pdf/g2-13315.pdf (p. 1960, SI/99-75) shows the law in force September 1, 1999.
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