Settlement surrounding a Roman legionnary fortress
A canaba (plural canabae)[1] was the Latin term for a hut or hovel and was later (from the time of Hadrian)[2] used typically to mean a town that emerged as a civilian settlement (canabae legionis) in the vicinity of a Roman legionary fortress (castrum).[3]
Location of legions and their Canabae in 80 AD
A settlement that grew up outside a smaller Roman fort was called a vicus (village, plural vici). Canabae were also often divided into vici.
Permanent forts attracted military dependants and civilian contractors who serviced the base and needed housing;
traders, artisans, sellers of food and drink, prostitutes, and also unofficial wives of soldiers and their children and hence most forts had vici or canabae. Many of these communities became towns through synoecism with other communities, some in use today.
Main article: List of Roman legions
Some Canabae of Legionary Fortresses:[4]
Canabae of Deva Victrix, later Chester, England
Canabae of Isca Silurium, later Caerleon, Wales
Canabae of Novae, Bulgaria
Canabae of Vindobona, later Vienna
Canabae of Argentoratum, later Strasbourg
Canabae of Nijmegen, Netherlands
Canabae of Troesmis, Romania[5]
^Brill's New Pauly, http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/military-camps-e504770
^Chester: The Canabae Legionis D. J. P. Mason Britannia Vol. 18 (1987), pp. 143-168, https://www.jstor.org/stable/526442
^THE NIJMEGEN Canabae Legionis (71-102/105 AD), MILITARY AND CIVILIAN LIFE ON THE FRONTIER, PAUL FRANZEN, Limes XX, Int. Congress on Roman Frontier Studies, Leon 2006.
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