Roman fort, cultural heritage and archaeological site in Germany
Location of the legionary camps of Vetera and Colonia Ulpia Traiana along the course of the Lower Germanic Limes
Vetera (also Vetera Castra; sometimes in older literature, on maps, and colloquially also Castra Vetera) was the name of the location of two successive Roman legionary camps in the province of Germania Inferior near present-day Xanten on the Lower Rhine. The legionary camps of Vetera were part of the Lower Germanic Limes and were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021.
Research and scholarly literature distinguish between the older fort site Vetera I (13/12 BCE[1] to 70 CE) and the younger fort site Vetera II (71 to at least the 3rd century). These sites were located approximately one Roman mile (mille passus = just under 1500 m) apart. Vetera was one of the most significant garrisons on the northern flank of the Roman Empire. In its early days, it was an essential deployment base for the Romans' expansion efforts on the right bank of the Rhine. Vetera I is currently situated on undeveloped land in the urban area of Xanten, while Vetera II is located up to ten metres below the surface of a quarry pond.[2][3]
^As Tacitus reported that Vetera was built by Augustus, who was in Gaul from 16 BCE to 13 BCE, there has been a tendency to date the earliest camp to this period. However, the finds, especially the pottery stamps and terra sigillata types found, point to the time of the beginning of the Germanic offensive or shortly before. According to Michael Gechter: "Die Anfänge des Niedergermanischen Limes". In Bonner Jahrbücher. 179, 1979, pp. 106-110.
^Böcking, Werner (2005). "Bagger und Taucher entdecken Vetera II". Die Römer am Niederrhein: Geschichte und Ausgrabungen (in German) (5. Aufl ed.). Essen: Klartext. pp. 147–159. ISBN 978-3-89861-427-6.
^Schmitz, Dirk (2008). "Das Lager Vetera II und seine Legionen". In Müller, Martin; Schalles, Hans-Joachim; Zieling, Norbert (eds.). Colonia Ulpia Traiana: Xanten und sein Umland in römischer Zeit. Geschichte der Stadt Xanten (in German). Mayence: Verlag Philipp von Zabern. pp. 141–170. ISBN 978-3-8053-3953-7.
Vetera (also Vetera Castra; sometimes in older literature, on maps, and colloquially also Castra Vetera) was the name of the location of two successive...
respecting traditions, reflected in his choice of school motto, Et Nova Et Vetera. His was the first English school to adopt the Dalton Plan, its combination...
associated with the Senate Curia. It began to be referred to as the Rostra Vetera ("Elder Rostra") in the imperial age to distinguish it from other later...
Nova et Vetera is a theological review in the tradition of Thomism which focuses on contemporary issues facing the Roman Catholic Church. Published in...
germanica. After the destruction of Vetera a second camp was established at the Bislicher Insel, named Castra Vetera II, which became the base camp of Legio...
west of the Rhine. The principal settlements of the province were Castra Vetera and Colonia Ulpia Traiana (both near Xanten), Coriovallum (Heerlen), Albaniana...
besieged Castra Vetera once more. The year 70 started with the odds favoring the rebels. Two legions were still besieged at Castra Vetera and the rest of...
reinforcements to Germania Inferior, where they shared the base camp of Castra Vetera (Xanten) with V Alaudae. Both Legio V and Legio XXI were involved in a mutiny...
phalera, or piece of harness, with his name on it has been found at Castra Vetera, modern Xanten, then a large Roman army and naval base on the lower Rhine...
6 November 2015. Wesseling, Petrus; Hierocles (The Grammarian) (1735). Vetera Romanorum itineraria, /: sive Antonini Augusti Itinerarium. apud J. Wetstenium...
Apollonium Rhodium vetera, Hildesheim, Weidmann, 1999. ISBN 978-3-615-15400-9. Google Books. Wendel, Carl, Scholia in Theocritum vetera, Bibliotheca Teubneriana...
Archived from the original on 25 June 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2010. "Nova et Vetera". British Medical Journal. 2 (4064): 1089. 1938. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4064...
legions was as follows: For the army of Germania Inferior, two legions at Vetera (Xanten), I Germanica and XX Valeria (Pannonian troops); two legions at...
ships captured. Two legions under Mummius Lupercus were defeated at Castra Vetera (near the modern Xanten) and surrounded. Eight cohorts of Batavian veterans...
Retrieved 30 October 2016. Singer, Charles (November 29, 1952). "Nova et Vetera - Ancient Egyptian Medicine". British Medical Journal. 2 (4795): 1201. doi:10...
2007. ISBN 978-0-19-928075-9. Google Books. Xenis, Georgios A., Scholia vetera in Sophoclis "Oedipum Coloneum", De Gruyter, 2018. ISBN 978-3-11-044733-0...
Samartica, at Aquincum (Budapest, Hungary), Bononia (Vidin, Bulgaria), Ulcisia Vetera, Castra Florentium, Intercisa (Dunaújváros, Hungary), and Onagrinum (Begeč...
London, 1951. Internet Archive. Wendel, Carl, Scholia in Apollonium Rhodium vetera, Hildesheim, Weidmann, 1999. ISBN 978-3-615-15400-9. Google Books. Yasumura...
available at the Perseus Digital Library. Drachmann, Anders Bjørn, Scholia Vetera in Pindari Carmina, Vol. III: Scholia in Nemeonicas et Isthmionicas. Epimetrum...
Harenatium. In the Itinerarium Antonini nine leagues (ca. 20 km) south of Vetera and nine leagues north of Gelduba. Based on the Roman name for the town...
inscribed Plinio Praefecto ("Property of the prefect Pliny"), found at Castra Vetera legionary base (Xanten, Germany), believed to have belonged to the classical...
sent to the Germania provinces in the Rhine and was stationed in Castra Vetera (Xanten). In AD 5, the provinces were pacified and Publius Quinctilius Varus...
Crisis, First Things, Liberty, National Review, New Oxford Review, Nova et Vetera, Public Discourse, Reason, and TCS Daily. Feser's book The Last Superstition:...
Αιέν αριστεύειν Greek Ever to excel St Catherine's College, Oxford Nova et Vetera Latin The old and the new St Chad's College, Durham Non vestra sed vos Latin...
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