Attempts to unify relativity, gravitation, and quantum mechanics
A depiction of the cGh cubeDiagram showing where quantum gravity sits in the a near-cube hierarchy of physics theories. Note that electromagnetism and quantum field theory in curved spacetime are added in as an extra and distinct items.
cGh physics refers to the historical attempts in physics to unify relativity, gravitation, and quantum mechanics, in particular following the ideas of Matvei Petrovich Bronstein and George Gamow.[1][2] The letters are the standard symbols for the speed of light (c), the gravitational constant (G), and the Planck constant (h).
If one considers these three universal constants as the basis for a 3-D coordinate system and envisions a cube, then this pedagogic construction provides a framework, which is referred to as the cGh cube, or physics cube, or cube of theoretical physics (CTP).[3] This cube can be used for organizing major subjects within physics as occupying each of the eight corners.[4][5] The eight corners of the cGh physics cube are:
General relativity (c, G, _), quantum field theory (c, _, h), non-relativistic quantum theory with gravity (_, G, h)
Theory of everything, or relativistic quantum gravity (c, G, h)
Other cGh physics topics include Hawking radiation and black-hole thermodynamics.
While there are several other physical constants, these three are given special consideration, because they can be used to define all Planck units and thus all physical quantities.[6] The three constants are therefore used sometimes as a framework for philosophical study and as one of pedagogical patterns.[7]
^Kragh, Helge (2009). "Relativistic Quantum Mechanics". In Greenberger, Daniel; Hentschel, Klaus; Weinert, Friedel (eds.). Compendium of Quantum Physics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 632–637. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7_184. ISBN 978-3-540-70622-9. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
^Kragh, Helge (1995). "Review of Matvei Petrovich Bronstein and Soviet Theoretical Physics in the Thirties". Isis. 86 (3): 520. doi:10.1086/357307. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 235090.
^Padmanabhan, Thanu (2015). "The Grand Cube of Theoretical Physics". Sleeping Beauties in Theoretical Physics. Springer. pp. 1–8. ISBN 978-3319134420.
^Gorelik, Gennady E. (1992). "First Steps of Quantum Gravity and the Planck Values". Studies in the History of General Relativity. Birkhäuser. pp. 364–379. ISBN 978-0-8176-3479-7. Archived from the original on 2019-04-25. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
^Wainwright, C.J. "The Physics Cube". Archived from the original on 6 March 2012.
^Duff, Michael; Lev B. Okun; Gabriele Veneziano (2002). "Trialogue on the number of fundamental constants". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2002 (3): 023. arXiv:physics/0110060. Bibcode:2002JHEP...03..023D. doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023. S2CID 15806354.
^Okun, Lev (1991-01-01). "The fundamental constants of physics". Soviet Physics Uspekhi. 34 (9): 818–826. Bibcode:1991SvPhU..34..818O. doi:10.1070/PU1991v034n09ABEH002475.
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