A seated Bodhisattva carved in terracotta, from site 21/22
The Bujang Valley (Malay: Lembah Bujang) is a sprawling historical complex and has an area of approximately 224 square kilometres (86 sq mi) situated near Merbok, Kedah, between Gunung Jerai in the north and Muda River in the south. It is the richest archaeological area in Malaysia.[1]
The archaeological remains suggest a Buddhist polity once existed in the area. In Sanskrit the term bhujanga refer to serpent, thus the name itself is roughly translated into "Serpent Valley".[2] The area consists of ruins that may date more than 2,535 years old. More than 50 ancient pagoda temples, called candi (pronounced as "chandi"), have also been unearthed. The most impressive and well-preserved of these is located in Pengkalan Bujang, Merbok.[3] The Bujang Valley Archaeological Museum is also located that known as Sungai Batu,[4][5] excavations have revealed jetty remains, iron-smelting sites, and a clay brick monument dating back to 110 AD, making it the oldest man-made structure to be recorded in Southeast Asia.[6][7]
The local rulers adopted Hindu-Buddhist Indian cultural and political models earlier than those of Kutai in eastern Borneo, in southern Celebes or Tarumanegara in western Java, where remains showing Indian influence have been found dating from the early 5th century. Relics found in the Bujang Valley are now on display at the archaeological museum. Items include inscribed stone caskets and tablets, metal tools and ornaments, ceramics, pottery, and Hindu icons.[8]
^"Bujang Valley impetus to tourism, By Subhadra Devan, 2010/09/19".
^"Bhujanga". Sanskrit Dictionary.
^Wahab, Mohd Rohaizat Abdul; Zakaria, Ros Mahwati Ahmad; Hadrawi, Muhlis; Ramli, Zuliskandar (7 March 2018). Selected Topics on Archaeology, History and Culture in the Malay World. Springer. ISBN 978-981-10-5669-7.
^Kathirithamby-Wells, J. (1990). The Southeast Asian Port and Polity: Rise and Demise. Singapore University Press, National University of Singapore. ISBN 978-9971-69-141-7.
^Malaysia, Persatuan Sejarah (1980). Bujang Valley. Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia.
^Mok, Opalyn (9 June 2017). "Archaeologists search for a king in Sungai Batu | Malay Mail". www.malaymail.com. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
^"New interest in an older Lembah Bujang, 2010/07/25". Archived from the original on 29 June 2011.
^"Bujang Valley Museum". www.photodharma.net. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
The BujangValley (Malay: Lembah Bujang) is a sprawling historical complex and has an area of approximately 224 square kilometres (86 sq mi) situated...
built nearly a thousand years ago during the BujangValley Hindu Civilization. The BujangValley or Lembah Bujang, sometimes referred to as the Ancient Wonder...
now known as Sungai Batu. Archaeological evidence found in BujangValley (Malay: Lembah Bujang) reveals that an animist kingdom ruled ancient Kedah possibly...
Indian community, or "Straits Indian". Archaeological findings in the BujangValley of Kedah suggest a trade relationship with India as early as the 1st...
history dating back 2,800 years as proven by the discovery of sites in BujangValley and historical documents from India, China and Arabia. Kedahan Malays...
(USM) as part of efforts to complete the archaeological study of the BujangValley. Findings from archaeological excavations indicate the existence of...
Neolithic humans in Malaysia. Seberang Perai was once a part of the BujangValley civilisation. The Mahanavika Buddhagupta plaque and the Cherok Tok Kun...
Kedah between the mount Jerai and the Muda valley, a sprawling historical complex known as BujangValley served as a reminder of Malaysian pre-Islamic...
Bujang Archeology Museum in Selangor, Malaysia. The 1.8-km section of this road connects Bedong, Kuala Muda, to BujangValley Archeology Museum. v t e...
from the prehistoric period, most famously the archaeological site of BujangValley, the early maritime trade of India, Persia, and the Arabs to the written...
purposes of gentrification. In 2014, some ruins of candi (tomb temple) in BujangValley were destroyed by an urban developer, causing an international outcry...
and South India, the Malay Peninsula was involved in this trade. The BujangValley, being strategically located at the northwest entrance of the Strait...
century Hindu priest teacher statue (right) found at Jalong, Perak. BujangValley Kota Gelanggi Champa Bhagiratha Indian maritime history Brown, C.C....
bank of the Merbok River. The state consisted of a large area of the BujangValley, covering the Merbok and Muda River branches in an approximately 1000-square...
Batu Pahat, an ancient Hindu temple built in 6th century A.D. found in BujangValley Figure of a dancer carved in high relief found at Batu Lintang, south...
Kuala Muda District of Kedah, Malaysia. It is known for the historical BujangValley. The area also hosts the Kedah Campus of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM...
outcrop.[where?] Bukit Mertajam had been part of the Hindu-Buddhist BujangValley civilisation, which ruled over what is now Kedah up to the 6th century...
Temple Puu Jih Shih Temple Ching San Yen Temple Jade Dragon Temple BujangValley Buddhism in Malaysia List of Buddhist temples Malaysian Buddhist Institute...
destroyed most of Merong's fleet. They fled to the nearest land, which is BujangValley, where they settled and founded the kingdom of Langkasuka. Merong was...
Mahawangsa, said to be the first King of Langkasuka. Kota Gelanggi BujangValley Gangga Negara Nakhon Sri Thammarat Naksat cities Guy, John (2014). Lost...
displaced the original Kafirs and Pashayi people from Kunar Valley and Laghman valley, the two eastern provinces near Jalalabad, to the less fertile...
Candi Bukit Batu Pahat of BujangValley. A Hindu-Buddhist kingdom ruled ancient Kedah possibly as early as 110 A.D, the earliest evidence of strong Indian...
inscriptions on the Cherok Tok Kun megalith suggest the Hindu-Buddhist BujangValley civilisation, based in present-day Kedah, held authority over parts...
Annals: Raja Merong Mahawangsa: A ruler from Rome who later settled in BujangValley and founded the Kingdom of Langkasuka. He is said to be a descendant...
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