British Rail Class 85 information

Specifications
Specifications
Configuration:;
• UIC	Bo′Bo′
• Commonwealth	Bo-Bo
Gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Wheel diameter	4 ft 0 in (1.22 m)
Minimum curve	264 ft 0 in (80 m)
Wheelbase	42 ft 3 in (12.88 m)
• Bogie	10 ft 9 in (3.28 m)
Pivot centres	31 ft 6 in (9.60 m)
Length	56 ft 6 in (17.22 m) over buffers
Width	8 ft 8+1⁄4 in (2.648 m)
Height:;
• Pantograph	13 ft 0+9⁄16 in (3.977 m)
• Body height	12 ft 4+1⁄4 in (3.766 m)
Axle load	20.9 t (20.6 LT; 23.0 ST)
Loco weight	80 t (79 LT; 88 ST)
Electric system/s	25 kV 50 Hz AC overhead
Current pickup(s)	Pantograph; (Stone-Faiveley AMBR)
Traction motors	4 × AEI Type 189
• Continuous	700 A per motor
Gear ratio	29:76
Train heating	Electric Train Supply, index 66; (320 kW at 800 V AC)
Loco brake	Air and rheostatic
Train brakes	Air and vacuum

Type and origin
Type and origin
Power type	Electric
Builder	British Railways Doncaster Works
Build date	1961–1964
Total produced	40

British Railways AL5
British Rail Class 85
British Railways AL5; British Rail Class 85
	85018 at Birmingham New Street in 1986
Power type
Type and origin
Power type	Electric
Builder	British Railways Doncaster Works
Build date	1961–1964
Total produced	40
Configuration:;
Specifications
Configuration:;
• UIC	Bo′Bo′
• Commonwealth	Bo-Bo
Gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Wheel diameter	4 ft 0 in (1.22 m)
Minimum curve	264 ft 0 in (80 m)
Wheelbase	42 ft 3 in (12.88 m)
• Bogie	10 ft 9 in (3.28 m)
Pivot centres	31 ft 6 in (9.60 m)
Length	56 ft 6 in (17.22 m) over buffers
Width	8 ft 8+1⁄4 in (2.648 m)
Height:;
• Pantograph	13 ft 0+9⁄16 in (3.977 m)
• Body height	12 ft 4+1⁄4 in (3.766 m)
Axle load	20.9 t (20.6 LT; 23.0 ST)
Loco weight	80 t (79 LT; 88 ST)
Electric system/s	25 kV 50 Hz AC overhead
Current pickup(s)	Pantograph; (Stone-Faiveley AMBR)
Traction motors	4 × AEI Type 189
• Continuous	700 A per motor
Gear ratio	29:76
Train heating	Electric Train Supply, index 66; (320 kW at 800 V AC)
Loco brake	Air and rheostatic
Train brakes	Air and vacuum
Maximum speed
Performance figures
Maximum speed	85/0: 100 mph (160 km/h); 85/1: 80 mph (130 km/h);
Power output:;
• Continuous	3,200 hp (2,400 kW) at rails
Tractive effort:;
• Starting	50,000 lbf (220 kN)
• Continuous	17,000 lbf (76 kN) at 71 mph (114 km/h)
Brakeforce	67.3% of loco weight (inc. rheostatic brake)
Operators
Career
Operators	British Rail
Numbers	E3056–E3095; later 85001–85040
Axle load class	Route Availability 6
Retired	1981–1992
Disposition	One preserved, remainder scrapped
	Specifications as at December 1986 except where otherwise noted.

The British Rail Class 85 (also known by the designation AL5) is an electric locomotive that was designed and produced at British Rail’s (BR) Doncaster Works during the early 1960s. While largely developed by BR, much of its systems can be attributed to the British manufacturing interest Associated Electrical Industries (AEI).^[1]

The locomotive was developed as a part of the programme of works to electrify the West Coast Main Line during the late 1950s and early 1960s. BR deliberately opted to procure multiple batches of locomotives from a range of manufacturers, leading to the procurement of five prototype classes (Classes 81-85) and subsequently placed a larger order for a refined model of one of these, eventually leading to the development of the Class 86 locomotive.

The Class 85 proved to be a relatively reliable workhorse of the London Midland region, particularly following a refurbishment during the 1970s that saw the replacement of their rectifiers. Some members of the type were in service for thirty years, their withdrawal having commenced during the mid 1980s and lasting into the early 1990s, having been effectively displaced by the arrival of newer types such as the Class 87 and later Class 90. Following the retirement of the Class 85, a single example was preserved.

^ ^a ^b High-Voltage A.C. Locomotives Built by British Railways (PDF). Manchester: Traction Division, Associated Electrical Industries. 1961. Publication 1737-74. Retrieved 21 January 2021 – via the Railways Archive.
^ Vehicle Diagram Book No. 110 for Electric Locomotives (PDF). Derby: Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Department, British Railways Board. December 1986. 85-0aX (in work p. 8). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2022 – via Barrowmore MRG.

[railarch_1961-1] High-Voltage A.C. Locomotives Built by British Railways (PDF). Manchester: Traction Division, Associated Electrical Industries. 1961. Publication 1737-74. Retrieved 21 January 2021 – via the Railways Archive.

[BRB110-2] Vehicle Diagram Book No. 110 for Electric Locomotives (PDF). Derby: Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Department, British Railways Board. December 1986. 85-0aX (in work p. 8). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2022 – via Barrowmore MRG.

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