British dependencies in Malaya and Singapore, 1888
Demonym(s)
Malayan
Membership
Straits Settlements
Federated Malay States
Unfederated Malay States
Government
Imperial
• 1826–1830
George IV
• 1830–1837
William IV
• 1837–1901
Victoria
• 1901–1910
Edward VII
• 1910–1936
George V
• 1936–1936
Edward VIII
• 1936–1942
George VI
• 1942–1945
Interregnum
• 1945–1952
George VI
• 1952–1957
Elizabeth II
Legislature
Parliament
• Upper house
House of Lords
• Lower house
House of Commons
History
• Anglo-Dutch Treaty 1824
17 March 1824
• East India Company establishment
27 November 1826
• Pangkor Treaty 1874
20 January 1874
• Japanese occupation
15 February 1942 – 2 September 1945
• British Military Administration
12 September 1945
• Malayan Union
1 April 1946
• Federation of Malaya
1 February 1948
• Emergency declared
16 June 1948
• Reid Commission
18 January 1956
• Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957
31 July 1957
• Federation of Malaya Independence Day
31 August 1957
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Kedah Sultanate
Johor Sultanate
Dutch Malacca
Selangor
Perak
Pahang
Negeri Sembilan
Rattanakosin Kingdom
Federation of Malaya
Colony of Singapore
Part of a series on the
History of Malaysia
Prehistoric Malaysia
Paleolithic
Lenggong Valley
c. 2.000.0000 BCE
Mansuli Valley
235,000 BCE
Mesolithic
Niah cultures
65,000–40,000 BCE
Neolithic
Bewah man/woman
16,000 BCE
Perak man/woman
11,000–200 BCE
Neolithic Klang
500 – 200 BCE
Early kingdoms
Ancient Kedah
<100 BCE
Chi Tu
100 BCE–642 CE
Langkasuka
100 BCE–1474 CE
Gangga Negara
c. 100 CE–1025
Pan Pan
424–775
Old Kedah
170–1135
Old Pahang
449–1454
Srivijaya
700s–1025
Majapahit
1300s
Rise of Muslim states
Kedah Sultanate
1136–present
Samudera Pasai Sultanate
1267–1521
Brunei Sultanate
1368–present
Malacca Sultanate
1402–1511
Sulu Sultanate
1450–1899
Pahang Sultanate
1470–1623
Aceh Sultanate
1496–1903
Pattani Sultanate
1516– 1902
Johor Sultanate
1528–present
Sarawak Sultanate
1599–1641
Selangor Sultanate
1766–present
Besut Kingdom
1780–1899
Setul Kingdom
1808–1916
Reman Kingdom
1810–1902
Kubang Pasu Kingdom
1839–1864
Colonial era
Portuguese Malacca
1511–1641
Dutch–Portuguese War
1601–1661
Acehnese conquest of Perak
1620
Dutch Malacca
1641–1824
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1770–1881
Straits Settlements
1786–1946
Siamese invasion of Kedah
1821–1826
Anglo-Dutch Treaty
1824
Burney Treaty
1826
Naning War
1831–1832
Kingdom of Sarawak
1841–1946
Separation of Perlis from Kedah
1843
Crown Colony of Labuan
1848–1946
Pahang Civil War
1857–1863
Larut Wars
1861–1874
Klang War
1867–1874
Pangkor Treaty
1874
Perak War
1875–1876
British Malaya / Borneo
1874–1946
Jementah Civil War
1879
North Borneo
1882–1946
Pahang Uprising
1891–1895
Mat Salleh Rebellion
1894–1905
Federated Malay States
1895–1946
Anglo-Siamese Treaty
1909
Unfederated Malay States
1909–1946
Battle of Penang
1914
Kelantan rebellion
1915
World War II
Japanese occupation of Malaya / Borneo
1941–1945
Malayan campaign
1941–1942
Bornean Campaign
1941–1942
Battle of Muar
1942
Parit Sulong Massacre
1942
Battle of Singapore
1942
Sook Ching
1942
Syburi
1942
Sandakan Death Marches
1942–1945
Si Rat Malai
1943–1945
Jesselton revolt
1943–1944
Formative era
BMA of Malaya/Borneo
1945–1946
Crown Colony of N. Borneo
1946–1963
Crown Colony of Sarawak
1946–1963
Anti-cession movement
1946–1963
Malayan Union
1946–1948
Federation of Malaya
1948–1963
Sungai Siput incident
1948
Malayan Emergency
1948–1960
Batang Kali massacre
1948
Bukit Kepong incident
1950
Baling Talks
1955
Malayan Independence
1957
Singapore Self-governance
1959
ISA 1960
1960–2012
Communist insurgency in Sarawak
1962–1990
North Borneo Self-governance
1963
Konfrontasi
1963–1966
Sarawak Self-governance
1963
Formation of Malaysia
1963
Singapore in Malaysia
1963–1965
ASEAN Declaration
1967
Second communist insurgency
1968–1989
13 May incident
1969
National Operations Council
1969–1971
Declaration of Rukun Negara
1970
New Economic Policy
1971–1990
Peace Agreement of Hat Yai
1989
Barisan Nasional era
Federal Territory of KL
1974
1977 Kelantan Emergency
1977
Pedra Branca dispute
1979–2008
South China Sea dispute (Spratly)
1980–present
Federal Territory of Labuan
1984
Memali incident
1985
Operation Lalang
1987
Constitutional crisis
1987–1988
Royal Immunity Amendments
1993
Financial crisis
1997–1998
Reformasi Movement
1998–2022
1MDB scandal
2015–present
Multi-party era
Pakatan Harapan takeover
2018
COVID-19 pandemic
2020–present
Political crisis
2020–2022
Bornean Amendment
2021–2023
Green Wave
2022–present
Incidents
Brunei revolt
1962–1966
North Borneo dispute (Philippine militant attacks)
1962–present
Singapore race riots
1964
Brunei's Limbang claim
1967–2009
Penang Hartal riot
1967
13 May Incident
1969
Ligitan and Sipadan dispute
1969–2002
Kuala Lumpur flash floods
1971
Malaysian haze crisis
1972–present
AIA building hostage crisis
1975
National Monument bombing
1975
Campbell Shopping Complex fire
1976
Sabah Air GAF Nomad crash
1976
Japan Airlines Flight 715 incident
1977
MH653 incident
1977
Dawn Raid
1981
1985 Lahad Datu ambush
1985
Memali Incident
1985
Sabah Emergency
1986
Ming Court Affair
1987
Penang terminal bridge collapse
1988
Taufiqiah Al-Khairiah madrasa fire
1989
Bright Sparklers disaster
1991
Highland Towers collapse
1993
Genting landslide
1995
MH2133 incident
1995
Pos Dipang mudflow
1996
Tropical Storm Greg
1996
1998–1999 Malaysia Nipah virus outbreak
1998–1999
Al-Ma'unah incident
2000
Sauk Siege
2000
2001 Kampung Medan riots
2001
2002 Taman Hillview landslide
2002
Tsunami in Malaysia
2004
2006–2007 Southeast Asian floods
2006–2007
Bukit Gantang bus crash
2007
Bukit Antarabangsa landslide
2008
2009 swine flu pandemic in Malaysia
2009
Attacks against places of worship
2010
Cameron Highlands bus crash
2010
Hulu Langat landslide
2011
Genting Highlands bus crash
2013
MH370 incident
2014
MH17 incident
2014
2014–15 Malaysia floods
2014–2015
Sabah earthquake
2015
2015 Plaza Low Yat riot
2015
Movida Bar grenade attack
2016
Kim Jong-nam's Assassination
2017
Darul Quran madrasa fire
2017
2018 Subang Temple riot
2018
2020-21 Malaysia floods
2021
LRT train collision
2021
2021-22 Malaysia floods
2021–2022
2022 Batang Kali landslide
2022
2023 Elmina plane crash
2023
2024 Lumut helicopters crash
2024
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The term "British Malaya" (/məˈleɪə/; Malay: Tanah Melayu British) loosely describes a set of states on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Singapore that were brought under British hegemony or control between the late 18th and the mid-20th century. Unlike the term "British India", which excludes the Indian princely states, British Malaya is often used to refer to the Federated and the Unfederated Malay States, which were British protectorates with their own local rulers, as well as the Straits Settlements, which were under the sovereignty and direct rule of the British Crown, after a period of control by the East India Company.
Before the formation of the Malayan Union in 1946, the territories were not placed under a single unified administration, with the exception of the immediate post-war period when a British military officer became the temporary administrator of Malaya. Instead, British Malaya comprised the Straits Settlements, the Federated Malay States, and the Unfederated Malay States. Under British hegemony, Malaya was one of the most profitable territories of the Empire, being the world's largest producer of tin and later rubber. During the Second World War, Japan ruled a part of Malaya as a single unit from Singapore.[1]
The Malayan Union was unpopular and in 1948 was dissolved and replaced by the Federation of Malaya, which became fully independent on 31 August 1957. On 16 September 1963, the federation, along with North Borneo (Sabah), Sarawak, and Singapore, formed the larger federation of Malaysia.[2]
^Cheah Boon Kheng 1983, p. 28.
^C. Northcote Parkinson, "The British in Malaya" History Today (June 1956) 6#6 pp 367–375.
The term "BritishMalaya" (/məˈleɪə/; Malay: Tanah Melayu British) loosely describes a set of states on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Singapore...
in Southeast Asia: BritishMalaya (1826–1957), a loose collection of the British colony of the Straits Settlements and the British protectorates of the...
of what previously had been the Malayan Union and more previously, BritishMalaya. It comprised of eleven states – nine Malay states and two of the Straits...
Malaya, then under British administration, was gradually occupied by Japanese forces between 8 December 1941 and the Allied surrender at Singapore on 15...
Axis forces in Malaya, from 8 December 1941 – 15 February 1942 during the Second World War. It was dominated by land battles between British Commonwealth...
Currency, Malaya and British Borneo. Prior to 1952, the board was known as the Board of Commissioners of Currency, Malaya. The Malaya and British Borneo...
The University of Malaya (Malay: Universiti Malaya; abbreviated as UM or informally the Malayan University) is a public research university located in...
expired because the BritishMalaya Broadcasting Corporation was granted the status of having the radio monopoly. The BritishMalaya Broadcasting Corporation...
Emergency, also known as the Anti–British National Liberation War (1948–1960), was a guerrilla war fought in BritishMalaya between communist pro-independence...
HMS Malaya was one of five Queen Elizabeth-class battleships built for the Royal Navy during the 1910s. Shortly after commissioning in early 1916, she...
the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM), was a Marxist–Leninist and anti-imperialist communist party which was active in BritishMalaya and later, the modern...
British colonisation of Malaya began in the late 18th century, and would encompass all of Malaya by the early 20th century. British rule in Malaya was...
The Malaya Command was a formation of the British Army formed in the 1920s for the coordination of the defences of BritishMalaya, which comprised the...
December 1941 in the South China Sea off the east coast of the British colonies of Malaya (present-day Malaysia) and the Straits Settlements (present-day...
(the Dutch and the British), two major different spelling orthographies were developed in the Dutch East Indies and BritishMalaya respectively, influenced...
nation's land as forest cover. Palm oil trees were introduced to BritishMalaya by the British government in early 1870s as ornament plants from Eastern Region...
Peninsular Malaysia, historically known as Malaya, also known as West Malaysia or the "Malaysian Peninsula", is the western part of Malaysia that comprises...
states known as the Federation of Malaya. Nine of the states of the new Federation of Malaya continued as British Protected States, while two of them...
Residents: British Relations with the Aden Protectorate, 1937–59", Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 31, No. 3 (Jul., 1995), p. 511. "Map of BritishMalaya Including...
Kesatuan Malaya; Jawi: كساتوان مالايا) was a union of the Malay states and the Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca. It was the successor to British Malaya...
Government of India Act 1858 led to the British Crown assuming direct control of India in the form of the new British Raj. The company subsequently experienced...
Japanese occupation of Malaya. The main goal of the PKMM was to achieve full independence for Malaya and to oppose any form of British colonial rule. The...
capitulated. About 80,000 British, Indian, Australian and local troops became prisoners of war, joining the 50,000 taken in Malaya; many died of neglect,...
group of British territories located in Southeast Asia. Originally established in 1826 as part of the territories controlled by the British East India...
success. British intervention in the Malay peninsula from the 1820s onwards culminated, during the 1870s, in the formation of BritishMalaya. During this...
article lists important figures and events in the public affairs of BritishMalaya during the year 1925, together with births and deaths of prominent Malayans...