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Breakdown voltage information


High voltage breakdown of an insulator string

The breakdown voltage of an insulator is the minimum voltage that causes a portion of an insulator to experience electrical breakdown and become electrically conductive.

For diodes, the breakdown voltage is the minimum reverse voltage that makes the diode conduct appreciably in reverse. Some devices (such as TRIACs) also have a forward breakdown voltage.

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Breakdown voltage

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The breakdown voltage of an insulator is the minimum voltage that causes a portion of an insulator to experience electrical breakdown and become electrically...

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Electrical breakdown

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subjected to a high enough voltage, suddenly becomes a conductor and current flows through it. All insulating materials undergo breakdown when the electric field...

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Zener diode

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at lower voltages and avalanche breakdown at higher voltages. They are used to generate low-power stabilized supply rails from a higher voltage and to provide...

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Capacitor

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serves as the dielectric. This results in bolts of lightning when the breakdown voltage of the air is exceeded. In October 1745, Ewald Georg von Kleist of...

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Avalanche breakdown

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during breakdown. The voltage at which the breakdown occurs is called the breakdown voltage. There is a hysteresis effect; once avalanche breakdown has occurred...

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High voltage

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since the actual breakdown voltage is highly dependent upon the electrode shape and size. Strong electric fields (from high voltages applied to small...

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Diode

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value called the breakdown voltage. This effect is used to regulate voltage (Zener diodes) or to protect circuits from high voltage surges (avalanche...

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Voltage multiplier

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A voltage multiplier is an electrical circuit that converts AC electrical power from a lower voltage to a higher DC voltage, typically using a network...

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Transformer oil testing

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of them set by ASTM. Transformer oil testing consists of measuring breakdown voltage and other physical and chemical properties of samples of the oil,...

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Voltage spike

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excessive current can flow if this voltage spike exceeds a material's breakdown voltage, or if it causes avalanche breakdown. In semiconductor junctions, excessive...

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Operational amplifier

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operational amplifier (often op amp or opamp) is a DC-coupled electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input, a (usually) single-ended output, and...

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Avalanche diode

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semiconductor) that is designed to experience avalanche breakdown at a specified reverse bias voltage. The junction of an avalanche diode is designed to prevent...

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Power MOSFET

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advantages over the VMOS, including lower on-resistance and higher breakdown voltage. The same year, Hitachi introduced the LDMOS (lateral DMOS), a planar...

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Dielectric strength

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e. the applied voltage divided by electrode separation distance) that results in breakdown. This is the concept of breakdown voltage. The theoretical...

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Transformer oil

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During the test, a test voltage is applied to the electrodes. The test voltage is continuously increased up to the breakdown voltage with a constant slew...

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Varistor

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a. voltage-dependent resistor (VDR)) is a surge protecting electronic component with an electrical resistance that varies with the applied voltage. It...

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Bipolar junction transistor

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emitter breakdown voltage than the collector to base breakdown voltage. If the emitter–base junction is reverse biased the collector emitter voltage may be...

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Rectifier

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shaped such that the reverse breakdown voltage was much higher than the forward breakdown voltage. Once the breakdown voltage was exceeded, the 0Z4 switched...

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Spark gap

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When the potential difference between the conductors exceeds the breakdown voltage of the gas within the gap, a spark forms, ionizing the gas and drastically...

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Silicon controlled rectifier

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the applied voltage is less than the breakdown voltage, otherwise forward-voltage triggering may occur. A single small positive voltage pulse can then...

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Dielectric gas

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chlorofluorocarbons are the most common. The breakdown voltage of gases is roughly proportional to their density. Breakdown voltages also increase with the gas pressure...

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Avalanche photodiode

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the reverse breakdown voltage, such that charge carriers generated by the photoelectric effect are multiplied by an avalanche breakdown; thus they can...

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Power semiconductor device

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amp. Breakdown voltage: Often, there is a trade-off between breakdown voltage rating and on-resistance, because increasing the breakdown voltage by incorporating...

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Film capacitor

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as thin as is technically possible and as allowed by the desired breakdown voltage. The thickness of these films can be as little as 0.6 μm. In a suitable...

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Isolation amplifier

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amplifier to float with respect to common mode voltage to the limit of the barrier's breakdown voltage, which is often 1,000 volts or more. This action...

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