Agkistrodon piscivorus is a species of venomous snake, a pit viper in the subfamily Crotalinae of the family Viperidae. It is one of the world's few semiaquatic vipers (along with the Florida cottonmouth), and is native to the Southeastern United States.[5] As an adult, it is large and capable of delivering a painful and potentially fatal bite. When threatened, it may respond by coiling its body and displaying its fangs.[6] Individuals may bite when feeling threatened or being handled in any way.[7] It tends to be found in or near water, particularly in slow-moving and shallow lakes, streams, and marshes. It is a capable swimmer, and like several species of snakes, is known to occasionally enter bays and estuaries and swim between barrier islands and the mainland.[8]: 211 p.
The generic name is derived from the Greek words ἄγκιστρονankistron "fish-hook, hook"[9] and ὀδώνodon "tooth",[10] and the specific name comes from the Latin piscis 'fish'[11] and voro '(I) eat greedily, devour';[12] thus, the scientific name translates to "hook-toothed fish-eater".[13] Common names include cottonmouth, northern cottonmouth, water moccasin, swamp moccasin, black moccasin, and simply viper.[14] Many of the common names refer to the threat display, in which this species often stands its ground and gapes at an intruder, exposing the white lining of its mouth. Many scientists dislike the use of the term water moccasin since it can lead to confusion between the venomous cottonmouth and nonvenomous water snakes.[15]
^"Fossilworks: Agkistrodon ".
^Douglas, Michael E.; Douglas, Marlis R.; Schuett, Gordon W.; Porras, Louis W. (2009). "Climate Change and Evolution of the New World Pitviper Genus Agkistrodon (Viperidae)". Journal of Biogeography. 36 (6): 1164–1180. Bibcode:2009JBiog..36.1164D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.02075.x. JSTOR 40305884. S2CID 84267462.
^Hammerson, G.A. (2007). "Agkistrodon piscivorus ". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2007: e.T64298A12756313. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64298A12756313.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
^Cite error: The named reference McD99 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Perritano, John (8 July 2019). "Water Moccasin, Cottonmouth: Different Names, Same Venomous Snake". HowStuffWorks. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
^Cottonmouth Fact Sheet. Smithsonian Institution.
^Wharton, Charles H. (1969). "The cottonmouth moccasin on Sea Horse Key, Florida". Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences. 14 (3): 227–272.
^Gloyd HK, Conant R (1990). Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp. 52 plates. LCCN 89-50342. ISBN 0-916984-20-6.
^ἄγκιστρον. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
^ὀδών, ὀδούς in Liddell and Scott.
^piscis. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
^voro. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
^Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a Division of Cornell University Press. (7th printing, 1985). 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes) ISBN 0-8014-0463-0. (Ancistrodon piscivorus, pp. 916–925, Figures 263–265, Map 65).
^"Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review [Plate Section Only]". www.nhbs.com. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
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